Module 4.1 Staphylococcaceae and Micrococcus Flashcards
Staphylococcus belongs to family:
Staphylococcaceae
How many species does Staphylococcus bacteria have?
45 species
How many subspecies does Staphylococcus abcteria have?
21
Three Staphylococcus bacteria most commonly seen in human infections
- S. aureus
- S epidermidis
- S. saprophyticus
gram staining of Staphylococcus
gram positive
diameter of Staphylococcus
0.5 - 1.5 um
motility of Staphylococcus
non-motile
T or F: Staphylococcus is a spore forming bacteria
false
It is non-spore forming
oxygen requirement of Staphylococcus
facultative anaerobe
Staphylococcus:
catalase positive or negative?
catalase-positive
temperature requirement of Staphylococcus
37 degrees C
osmotic pressure of Staphylococcus
halotolerant
T or F: Staphylococcus is fermentative
True
Staphylococcus is fermentative.
Staphylococcus:
nitrate reduction, +/- ?
+
Three additional characteristics of Staphylococcus
Coagulase (+)
DNase (+)
Mannitol fermenter
T or F: Staphylococcus is not a part of normal human microflora.
False
Staphylococcus is a part of normal human flora.
Staphylococcus is most commonly present in what part of the human body
anterior nares (nostrils)
what percentage of adults have Staphylococcus in the anterior nares
20-40%
Staphylococcus is carried by normal individuals _____ rather than chronically
intermittently
4 other sites in the human body that Staphylococcus colonize
- nasopharynx
- perineum
- axillae (armpit)
- vagina
most common mode of Staphylococcus transmission
contaminated hands
Though Staphylococcus is part of the normal human flora, it is able to cause _________ under appropriate conditions
opportunistic infections
Though Staphylococcus is part of the normal human flora, it is able to cause _________ under appropriate conditions
opportunistic infections
6 factors that predispose an individual to serious S. aureus infections.
- breaks in continuity of mucosal and cutaneous surface
- foreign bodies or implants
- prior infection (viral influenza)
- defect in immunity
- chronic diseases
- antimicrobial administration
3 kinds of diseases caused by Staphylococcus aureus
- cutaneous diseases
- toxigenic diseases
- systemic diseases
5 cutaneous staphylococcal diseases
- Folliculitis
- Hidradenitis suppurativa
- Furuncle
- Carbuncle
- Impetigo
Staphylococcal infections are pus-forming or _____
pyogenic
All Staphylococcal infections are _____
abscesses
Staphylococcal infections of the skin occur through: (3)
- wounds
- follicles
- skin glands
What is an abscess?
inflamed, fibrous lesion enclosing a core of pus
mild inflammation of the superficial dermis that is restricted to the hair follicles
Folliculitis
term for opening of the hair follicles
ostia
folliculitis is characterized by:
- small, reddish, painful lesions
2. absence of systemic symptoms
If folliculitis occurs in the eyelid, it is referred to as ___
stye
If folliculitis occurs in the eyelid, it is referred to as ___
stye
It is a chronic/relapsing inflammation. It is not a primarily a staphylococcal disease, but is complicated by S. aureus
Hidradenitis suppurativa
Hidradenitis suppurativa usually involves areas that bear:
apocrine glands
4 sites where Hidradenitis suppurativa most commonly appear
axillae
groin
perineal and perianal regions
Hidradenitis suppurativa is associated with blocked and infected____
apocrine sweat glands
Hidradenitis suppurativa is associated with blocked and infected____
apocrine sweat glands
Hidradenitis suppurativa is associated with presence of multiple lesions caused by blocked and infected____
apocrine sweat glands
Hidradenitis suppurativa is characterized by the presence of __, __, __, and absence of __
local pain
swelling
erythema
systemic symptoms
It is a deeper seated infection of the hair follicles
furuncle
furuncle is latin for:
little thief
another term for furuncle
boils
In furuncles, the inflammation of single hair follicle/ sebaceous gland progresses into a ______
large, red, extremely tender abscess or pustule
term for when furuncles appears in clusters
furunculosis
4 common sites for furuncles
buttocks
breasts
axillae
back of the neck
larger and deeper lesion which is created by aggregation & interconnection of furunculosis
carbuncle
characteristics of carbuncle
- extremely painful
- can be fatal in elderly when it gives rise to systemic disease
carbuncle is latin for
little coal
where are carbuncles mostly found
tough skin (back of the neck)
cutaneous disease that is not confined to follicles and skin glands
impetigo
impetigo is latin for:
to attack
characteristics of impetigo
- bubble like epidermal sweeping
- can break and peel away like localized scalding skin syndrome
impetigo is usually present in exposed areas like:
face
impetigo may spread to other areas through:
autoinoculation
two types of impetigo
- non-bullous
2. bullous
impetigo that begins as single red macule (patch) or papule, which quickly becomes a vesicle that ruptures & forms an erosion
non-bullous
most common type of impetigo (70%)
non- bullous
impetigo that is a localized form of scalded skin syndrome and commonly affects neonates
bullous
impetigo where the lesion dries to form a honey-colored crusts w/ erythematous (reddish) margins
non-bullous
impetigo which has oozing yellow crust but has no surrounding erythema
bullous
impetigo that is usually found in moist intertriginous areas (diaper area, axillae, neck folds)
bullous
impetigo that may be pruritic (itchy)
non-bullous
3 types of staphylococcal toxigenic diseases
- staphylococcal food poisoning
- staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
- staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome
gastrointestinal illness that is caused by eating food contaminated w/ S. aureus toxin
Staphylococcal food poisoning
Staphylococcal food poisoning acute symptoms appear within _____ of ingestion
2-6 hours
Staphylococcal food poisoning recovery occurs within ___
24 hours
two symptoms of Staphylococcal food poisoning
- emesis (vomiting often projectile)
- diarrhea (less frequent)
disease associated w/ handling or unrefrigerated custards, sauces, cream pastries, processed meats, chicken salad, ham
Staphylococcal food poisoning
T or F: Staphylococcal food poisoning cannot happen with salt preserved food.
False
Staphylococcus is halotolerant.
T or F: Staphylococcus toxins do not alter food taste or smell.
True
T or F: Staphylococcal food poisoning is a food-borne infection
False
food intoxication