Module 4.1 & 4.2 Quiz Flashcards
What did John Newlands(1865) propose?
The law of octaves
How did Newlands arrange the known elements on the periodic table?
He arranged them in order of increasing atomic mass
What did Newlands notice about the patterns of atoms upon the periodic table? (Think of his rule)
He noticed that atoms tended to repeat chemical and physical properties every 8 elements
What is a chemical property?
A characteristic of a substance that can be observed in a chemical reaction
What is the only way we will be able to see a chemical property?
We can only see a chemical property once the substance actually changes its makeup
What is a physical property?
A characteristic of matter that does not involve itself with a change in the substance’s chemical composition
What did Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) create?
He created the first periodic table by atomic mass and properties
What did Dmitri Mendeleev to create his periodic table?
Newland’s observations and other information
How many elements were known during Mendeleev’s time?
63
What were the gaps in Mendeleev’s table?
The elements that were yet to be discovered
What did Mendeleev find out the order of elements that he could not understand?
He had to switch the order of the some of the elements in order to keep the properties arranged correctly
What did Henry Moseley (1913) study?
Spectra lines of electrons
What is a spectral line?
A dark or bright line in a uniform and continuous spectrum
What did Moseley determine?
Elements should be arranged by increasing atomic number, not atomic mass.
What did Moseley’s discovery lead to?
The development of the modern periodic table
The periodic table has patterns in what?
Split into rows and columns
What is periodic law?
The repeating physical and chemical properties of elements change periodically with their atomic number
What is a group (family)?
A vertical column of elements in the periodic table
True or False: Elements in a group share chemical properties.
True
What is a period (row)?
A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table that has increasing atomic numbers
What is a valence electron?
An electron that is found in the outermost shell of the atom
What do valence electrons determine?
They determine the atom’s chemical properties
Elements in the same ____ have the same number of valence electrons.
Group
There can never be more than how many valence electrons?
8
What do electron dot diagrams do?
They show the amount of valence electrons
Where are the main group elements located?
Groups 1,2, 13-18
True or False: Some groups within main-group elements have special names.
True
What are the main group families?
Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases
True or False: Most of the families from the main group are metals.
True
What are the non-main group families?
Transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides
Alkali Metals are located where?
Group 1 besides H
How many valence electrons are in Alkali Metals?
1
What are the chemical properties of Alkali Metals?
Extremely reactive, reacts with water
What are the physical properties of Alkali Metals?
Very soft and easily cut
Alkali-Earth Metals are located where?
Group 2
How many valence electrons are in Alkali-Earth Metals?
2
What are the chemical properties of Alkali-Earth Metals?
Highly reactive, but slightly less reactive than alkali metals
What are the physical properties of Alkali-Earth Metals?
Higher melting points than the alkali metals
What happens when Alkali-Earth Metals give away their 2 valence electrons?
Light is emitted
Halogens are located where?
Group 17
How many valence electrons are in Halogens?
7
What are the chemical properties of Halogens ?
Most reactive group of nonmetals, reacts to form salts, likely to react with alkali metals
What are the physical properties of Halogens ?
found in sea water and within the Earth’s crust
True or False: Halogens are poisonous
when they are not
combined as compounds.
False
Noble gases are located where?
18
How many valence electrons are in Noble gases?
8 (except for He)
What are the chemical properties of Noble gases?
Very unreactive due to stable e- configurations, Only Kr, Xe, & Rn have been able to form componds
What are the physical properties of Noble gases?
Colorless, odorless
Metalloids are located where?
Group 13 & 16
How many valence electrons are in Metalloids?
Between 3-6
What are the chemical properties of Metalloids?
Shares properties of both metals and nonmetals
What are the physical properties of Metalloids?
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Transition metals have how many valence electrons?
Varies among elements. most but not all have 2
What are the chemical properties of Transition metals?
Less reactive than alkali and alkali-earth metals
What are the physical properties of transition metals?
Most are solid at room temperature except hg, good conductors of heat and electricity
Transition metals are located where?
Group 3-12
True or False: Transition metals are
extremely durable.
True
Lanthanides are located where?
Group 3
Lanthanides have how many valence electrons?
Most have 1 or 2 valence electrons
What are the chemical properties of lanthanides?
Highly reactive with halogens, burns easily in air
What are the physical properties of lanthanides?
Soft, silver-ish color,
“rare earth metals”
Actinides are located where?
Group 3
Actinides have how many valence electrons?
Most have 1 or 2 valence electrons
What are the chemical properties of actinides?
All actinides are radioactive, highly reactive with most nonmetals
What are the physical properties of actinides?
Soft, silver-ish metals, “inner transition metals” as well as lactinides
