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Honors Chemistry > Module 4.1 & 4.2 Quiz > Flashcards

Module 4.1 & 4.2 Quiz Flashcards

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1
Q

What did John Newlands(1865) propose?

A

The law of octaves

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2
Q

How did Newlands arrange the known elements on the periodic table?

A

He arranged them in order of increasing atomic mass

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3
Q

What did Newlands notice about the patterns of atoms upon the periodic table? (Think of his rule)

A

He noticed that atoms tended to repeat chemical and physical properties every 8 elements

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4
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed in a chemical reaction

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5
Q

What is the only way we will be able to see a chemical property?

A

We can only see a chemical property once the substance actually changes its makeup

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6
Q

What is a physical property?

A

A characteristic of matter that does not involve itself with a change in the substance’s chemical composition

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7
Q

What did Dmitri Mendeleev (1869) create?

A

He created the first periodic table by atomic mass and properties

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8
Q

What did Dmitri Mendeleev to create his periodic table?

A

Newland’s observations and other information

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9
Q

How many elements were known during Mendeleev’s time?

A

63

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10
Q

What were the gaps in Mendeleev’s table?

A

The elements that were yet to be discovered

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11
Q

What did Mendeleev find out the order of elements that he could not understand?

A

He had to switch the order of the some of the elements in order to keep the properties arranged correctly

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12
Q

What did Henry Moseley (1913) study?

A

Spectra lines of electrons

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13
Q

What is a spectral line?

A

A dark or bright line in a uniform and continuous spectrum

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14
Q

What did Moseley determine?

A

Elements should be arranged by increasing atomic number, not atomic mass.

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15
Q

What did Moseley’s discovery lead to?

A

The development of the modern periodic table

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16
Q

The periodic table has patterns in what?

A

Split into rows and columns

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17
Q

What is periodic law?

A

The repeating physical and chemical properties of elements change periodically with their atomic number

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18
Q

What is a group (family)?

A

A vertical column of elements in the periodic table

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19
Q

True or False: Elements in a group share chemical properties.

A

True

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20
Q

What is a period (row)?

A

A horizontal row of elements in the periodic table that has increasing atomic numbers

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21
Q

What is a valence electron?

A

An electron that is found in the outermost shell of the atom

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22
Q

What do valence electrons determine?

A

They determine the atom’s chemical properties

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23
Q

Elements in the same ____ have the same number of valence electrons.

A

Group

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24
Q

There can never be more than how many valence electrons?

A

8

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25
Q

What do electron dot diagrams do?

A

They show the amount of valence electrons

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26
Q

Where are the main group elements located?

A

Groups 1,2, 13-18

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27
Q

True or False: Some groups within main-group elements have special names.

A

True

28
Q

What are the main group families?

A

Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens, and Noble Gases

29
Q

True or False: Most of the families from the main group are metals.

A

True

30
Q

What are the non-main group families?

A

Transition metals, lanthanides, and actinides

31
Q

Alkali Metals are located where?

A

Group 1 besides H

32
Q

How many valence electrons are in Alkali Metals?

A

1

33
Q

What are the chemical properties of Alkali Metals?

A

Extremely reactive, reacts with water

34
Q

What are the physical properties of Alkali Metals?

A

Very soft and easily cut

35
Q

Alkali-Earth Metals are located where?

A

Group 2

36
Q

How many valence electrons are in Alkali-Earth Metals?

A

2

37
Q

What are the chemical properties of Alkali-Earth Metals?

A

Highly reactive, but slightly less reactive than alkali metals

38
Q

What are the physical properties of Alkali-Earth Metals?

A

Higher melting points than the alkali metals

39
Q

What happens when Alkali-Earth Metals give away their 2 valence electrons?

A

Light is emitted

40
Q

Halogens are located where?

A

Group 17

41
Q

How many valence electrons are in Halogens?

A

7

42
Q

What are the chemical properties of Halogens ?

A

Most reactive group of nonmetals, reacts to form salts, likely to react with alkali metals

43
Q

What are the physical properties of Halogens ?

A

found in sea water and within the Earth’s crust

44
Q

True or False: Halogens are poisonous
when they are not
combined as compounds.

A

False

45
Q

Noble gases are located where?

A

18

46
Q

How many valence electrons are in Noble gases?

A

8 (except for He)

47
Q

What are the chemical properties of Noble gases?

A

Very unreactive due to stable e- configurations, Only Kr, Xe, & Rn have been able to form componds

48
Q

What are the physical properties of Noble gases?

A

Colorless, odorless

49
Q

Metalloids are located where?

A

Group 13 & 16

50
Q

How many valence electrons are in Metalloids?

A

Between 3-6

51
Q

What are the chemical properties of Metalloids?

A

Shares properties of both metals and nonmetals

52
Q

What are the physical properties of Metalloids?

A

Poor conductors of heat and electricity

53
Q

Transition metals have how many valence electrons?

A

Varies among elements. most but not all have 2

54
Q

What are the chemical properties of Transition metals?

A

Less reactive than alkali and alkali-earth metals

55
Q

What are the physical properties of transition metals?

A

Most are solid at room temperature except hg, good conductors of heat and electricity

56
Q

Transition metals are located where?

A

Group 3-12

57
Q

True or False: Transition metals are

extremely durable.

A

True

58
Q

Lanthanides are located where?

A

Group 3

59
Q

Lanthanides have how many valence electrons?

A

Most have 1 or 2 valence electrons

60
Q

What are the chemical properties of lanthanides?

A

Highly reactive with halogens, burns easily in air

61
Q

What are the physical properties of lanthanides?

A

Soft, silver-ish color,

“rare earth metals”

62
Q

Actinides are located where?

A

Group 3

63
Q

Actinides have how many valence electrons?

A

Most have 1 or 2 valence electrons

64
Q

What are the chemical properties of actinides?

A

All actinides are radioactive, highly reactive with most nonmetals

65
Q

What are the physical properties of actinides?

A

Soft, silver-ish metals, “inner transition metals” as well as lactinides

Honors Chemistry (13 decks)

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