Module 1 Test Flashcards
What does CER mean?
CER is “Claim Evidence Reasoning”.
What is CER?
CER is a strategy used to construct explanations and craft scientific arguments.
What does a scientific claim do?
It answers a question or offers a solution to a problem
What does scientific evidence do?
It is information that supports or contradicts a claim.
What is a revised claim?
If the evidence contradicts your claim, revise it according to the evidence.
What does reasoning do?
It explains how and why your evidence supports your claim.
How might plants and buildings be related?
They may be created from the exact same elements or similar elements of a related family.
Why do scientists need standard units of measurements?
They need this so they can report data that can be reproduced by other scientists.
What is the revised international unit system called?
Systéme Internationale d’Unités (SI)
What is the base unit of time?
Seconds (s)
What is the base unit of length?
Meters (m)
What is the base unit of mass?
Kilograms (kg)
What is the base unit of temperature?
Kelvin (K)
What is the base unit of the amount of a substance?
Mole (mol)
What is the base unit of electric current?
Ampere (A)
What is the base unit of luminous intensity?
Candela (Cd)
What are the three temperature scales that are commonly used to describe how hot or cold an object is?
Kelvin, Celsius, and Fahrenheit
Can all quantities be measured with SI base units?
No
What are some quantities that are measured in derived units?
Speed, volume, and density.
What is the SI unit of speed?
Meters per second (m/s)
What is the density equation?
Density= mass/volume
Why do scientists use scientific notation?
To restate the number in simpler terms, without changing its value.
What must a conversion factor accomplish?
It must cancel out one unit and introduce a new one
What does dimensional analysis do?
It uses conversion factors to solve problems
What is the equation for Celsius to Fahrenheit?
35 F- 32/ 1.8 =C
What is the equation for Fahrenheit to Celsius?
F= 1.8 (C)+ 32
What is the equation for Kelvin to Celsius?
K = C + 273
What is accuracy?
Accuracy is how close a measured value is to an accepted value.
What is precision?
Precision is how close a series of measurements are to one another.
What is error?
Error is defined as the difference between an experimental value and an accepted value.
What is the error equation?
Error = experimental value- accepted value
What is a percent error?
A percent error expresses error as a percentage of the accepted value.
What is the percent error equation?
Percent error = (experimental value- accepted value/ accepted value) x 100
How is the precision of a measurement indicated?
By the number of digits reported.
What are significant figures?
Significant figures are the reported digits from the precision of a measurement.
What is Rule #1 of Significant Figures?
Nonzero numbers are always significant.
What is Rule #2 of Significant Figures?
All final zeroes to the right of the decimal are significant.
What is Rule #3 of Significant Figures?
Any zero between significant figures is significant.
What is Rule #4 of Significant Figures?
Placeholder zeros are not significant.
How do you remove placeholder zeros when using significant figures?
Rewrite the number in scientific notation.
What is Rule #5 of Significant Figures?
Counting numbers and defined constants have an infinite number of significant figures.
An accurate measurement is what?
An accurate measurement is close to the accepted value.
A set of precise measurements show?
A set of precise measurements show little variation.
What does percent error give?
Percent error gives the percent deviation from the accepted value.
What do the number of significant figures reflect?
The number of significant figures reflect the the precision of reported data.
What is the main goal of many experiments?
To discover whether a pattern exists in a certain situation.
How does using data to create a graph help the goal of the experiment.
It reveals if a pattern exists.
What is chemistry?
The study of matter and the changes that it undergoes
What are the branches of chemistry?
Organic, inorganic, physical, analytical, and biochemistry.
What is a hypothesis?
A testable explanation of a situation or phenomena
What is a theory?
A hypothesis that is supported by many experiments or a explanation of a natural phenomenon based on observations and investigations over time
Calculations are often rounded to what?
The correct number of significant figures.
What do bar graphs show?
How a factor varies with time, location, or temperature
How can chemistry help you understand the world?
Chemistry can help us understand the world and all of the processes that occur within it. Applying chemistry to our everyday lives can aid in our knowledge of why the world is the way that it is. Overall, it’s important to understand chemistry to gain an understanding of the processes of everything that surrounds us and why.
What do scientists use measure or record data?
Scientists use a variety of instruments like gadgets and devices
What is matter?
The “stuff” made from building blocks that has mass and takes up space
What is science?
Science is the use of evidence to construct testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena
What is scientific law?
A relationship in nature that is supported by many experiments
What is pure research?
The type of research used to gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge itself
What is applied research?
The type of research to solve a specific problem
What is a substance?
Matter that has a definite and uniform composition (aka a chemical)
What is mass?
A measurement that reflects the amount of matter
What is weight?
A measurement not only of the amount of matter but also of the effect of Earth’s gravitational pull on that matter
What is a model?
A visual, verbal, or mathematical explanation of experimental data
Arrange these from largest to smallest: submicroscopic, microscopic, macroscopic
Macroscopic, microscopic, submicroscopic
Why are there different types of branches of chemistry?
Because there are so many different types of matter and each branch has their own study to focus on the specific areas within the field of chemistry they chose
Why do scientists use mass instead of weight for their measurements?
Using mass for their measurements helps them measure matter independently, without the additional measurement of gravitational force
What is a base unit?
A defined unit in a system of measurement that is based on an object or event in the physical world
What is a derived unit?
A unit that is defined by a combination of base units.
What is density?
A physical property of matter and is defined as the amount of mass per volume.
What is scientific notation?
Used to express any number as a number between 1 and 10 (coefficient) multiplied by 10 raised to a power (the exponent).
What is dimensional analysis?
A systematic approach to problem solving that uses conversion factors to move, or convert, from one unit to another.
What is a conversion factor?
A ratio of equivalent values having different units.
What is a graph?
A visual display of data
What is an independent variable?
The variable that a scientist deliberately changes during an experiment
What is a dependent variable?
The variable that depends on or changes in response to the independent variable
How do you use a calculator for multiplying or dividing scientific notation?
Open () type in number, 2nd, then EE, then type in exponent number, Close () x or / and repeat process
How do you use a calculator for adding or subtracting scientific notation?
Open () type in number, 2nd, then EE, then type in exponent number, Close () + or - and repeat process
Do you use significant figures for multiplying, dividing, adding, and subtracting scientific notation?
Yes
For multiplication and division of significant figures, how do you round your answer?
You round your answer off to match the measurement with the smallest significance. Ex) 2.3 x 4.56 (2.3 has the smaller significance so your answer would only round 2 places)
For addition and subtraction of significant figures, how do your find your answer?
The result can be no more certain than the least certain digit in the calculation
