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Honors Chemistry > Chapter 14 Equilibrium Test > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Equilibrium Test Flashcards

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1
Q

The equilibrium constant is?

A

Concentration of products/concentration of reactants at equilibrium

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2
Q

What can Ksp be applied to?

A

Slightly soluble solutions

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3
Q

Which of the following would cause equilibrium to shift right?

A

Decrease in products

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4
Q

The common ion effect is used to explain what?

A

The shift in equilibrium position due to the concentration of an ion

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5
Q

Any change in temperature, concentration, or pressure on a system at equilibrium is called?

A

Stress

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6
Q

Which change would shift the equilibrium to the right?

A

Increase in pressure in an exothermic reaction

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7
Q

Reactions tend to run to completion if?

A

A gaseous product escapes or a precipitate forms

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8
Q

Which of the following can change an equilibrium constant?

A

Temperature

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9
Q

What must a ligand have?

A

A lone pair of electrons

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10
Q

A ligand is a molecule or ion that can?

A

Make a bond with a transition metal ion

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11
Q

What does concentration have to be at equilibrium?

A

The concentration of reactant and products must be constant

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12
Q

What does a large equilibrium constant mean?

A

Reaction is favoring the products (Keq > 1)

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13
Q

The smaller the value of the solubility product constant, the ______.

A

The lower the solubility of the compound

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14
Q

What happens at equilibrium?

A

Both the forward reaction and backward reaction have the same rate

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15
Q

What happens to reactants in completion reactions?

A

Almost all of the reactant reacts to form a product

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16
Q

What happens in a reverse reaction?

A

Products can reform reactants

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17
Q

What is chemical equilibrium?

A

Occurs when the forward and reverse reactions reach a state of balance in which the concentrations of the reactants and products remain the same, even though individual atoms may be changing

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18
Q

What is rate?

A

The speed at which a process occurs

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19
Q

Why is chemical equilibrium considered to be dynamic?

A

The rate of the forward reaction occurs at the same rate of the reversed reaction

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20
Q

Do atoms changing from products to reactants affect the concentration?

A

No, atoms can make that change but the overall concentration remains constant

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21
Q

What is a complex ion?

A

Any metal atom or ion that is bonded to more than 1 atom or molecule

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22
Q

What are ligands?

A

Molecules or anions that readily bond to metal ions with a lone pair of electrons

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23
Q

What is true about complex ions?

A

Complex ions formed from transition metals are often deeply colored

24
Q

What is the solubility product of the salt in water?

A

The maximum concentration of salt in an aqueous solution

25
Q

What does the solubility product measure?

A

A large class of salts that are said to be slightly soluble in water, which means that the ions in solution and any solid salt are at equilibrium

26
Q

When do reversible reactions reach equilibrium?

A

When the concentration of the reactants and the products is constant

27
Q

What is the law of chemical equilibrium?

A

At a given temperature, a chemical system might reach a state in which a particular ratio of reactant and product concentrations has a constant value.

28
Q

If the law of chemical equilibrium is applied, what can be calculated?

A

The equilibrium constant (Keq)

29
Q

What is the equilibrium constant?

A

Keq

30
Q

What is Keq?

A

Keq is a constant which shows the ratio of product concentrations to reactant concentrations with each concentration raised to the power equal to its coefficient at equilibrium

31
Q

What are some characteristics of Keq?

A

It is unit-less, constant at a certain temperature, can be found experimentally, is often reported in tables and can be looked up

32
Q

What does it mean if Keq > 1?

A

Products are being favored at equilibrium

33
Q

What does it mean if Keq < 1?

A

Reactants are favored at equilibrium

34
Q

When writing an equilibrium expression, what is left out?

A

The concentration of any solid (s) or pure liquid (l) that takes part in the reaction is left out

35
Q

For a reaction occurring in aqueous solution, water is ____?

A

Omitted, meaning you would not include H20 (l) when solving for equilbrium

36
Q

Why are solids and pure liquids left out in the equilibrium expression?

A

They do not affect equilibrium because their concentrations stay constant throughout equilibrium

37
Q

What does Keq show?

A

It shows if the reaction is favorable?

38
Q

When are reactions favorable?

A

When reactions in which more products form than reactants are “favorable”

39
Q

What is true about favorable reactions?

A

A favorable reaction will have a higher concentration of products than reactants, resulting in a large Keq at equilibrium

40
Q

Describe the Keq value of 3.3 x 10^8

A

The reaction is very favorable because it has a large Keq value

41
Q

Describe the Keq value of 4.5 x 10^-31

A

The reaction is not favorable because of its small Keq value

42
Q

What does dissociation mean?

A

The breaking up of a compound into simpler constituents that are usually capable of recombining under other conditions

43
Q

What are solubility product constants?

A

Equilibrium constants for the dissolution of slightly soluble salts

44
Q

What is Ksp?

A

The product of the concentrations of the dissolved ions, multiplied each raised to the power of their coefficients in the balanced equation

45
Q

What does solubility mean?

A

The solubility of a compound in water is the amount of the substance that will dissolve in a given volume of water at a given temperature

46
Q

What does a small Ksp mean?

A

That very little of the compound will dissolve in water

47
Q

What does a large Ksp mean?

A

That more of the compound will dissolve in water

48
Q

What are most Ksp values for?

A

Sparingly/somewhat soluble compounds

49
Q

Which of these is the least soluble? Why?

A: 8.4 x 10 ^-12
B: 1.1 x 10^ -49
C: 7.1 x 10^ 5

A

B is the least soluble because it has a small Ksp due to the high negative exponent

50
Q

Which of these is the most soluble? Why?

A: 8.4 x 10 ^-12
B: 1.1 x 10^ -49
C: 7.1 x 10^ 5

A

C is the most soluble because it has a great Ksp due to its exponent being positive

51
Q

Solubility product is only for _____?

A

Salts that have low solubility because soluble salts do not have Ksp values

52
Q

How are chemical equations written when finding Ksp?

A

The solid salt is the reactant and the dissociated ions are the products

53
Q

What is stress?

A

Another word for something causes a change in a system at equilibrium

54
Q

Chemical equilbria respond to which three types of stress?

A

Changes in the concentrations of reactants or products, changes in temperature, and changes in pressure

55
Q

What happens when stress is first applied to a system?

A

Equilibrium is disrupted and the forward and backward reactions are no longer equal

56
Q

What is Le Chatelier’s Principle?

A

A principle that states that when a system at equilibrium is disrupted, the system adjusts in a way to reduce the change

Honors Chemistry (13 decks)

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