Module 4 - Unit 1 - Networking Concepts Flashcards
What defines a computer network?
A network is two or more computers systems linked together by some form of transmission medium that enables them to share information.
What are network clients?
Network clients are computers and software that allow users to request resources shared by and hosted on servers.
What is a computer network within a location?
Local area Network (LAN)
What is a computer network located at varying geographical locations?
Wide Area Networks (WAN)
Who are companies that operate national telephone networks
Telecommunications companies (telcos)
What are the endpoints of network called?
Nodes or hosts
What signals are commonly found in a wired connection?
Electrical or light signals
What type of signal is transmitted in a wireless connection?
Radio signals
Define the functions of network protocols
An established set of rules that define how data is communicated between each hosts or nodes on a network.
Describe what a network packet is
A packet is a wrapper for each data unit transmitted over the network. A packet generally consists of a header (indicating the protocol type, source address, destination address, error correction information, and so on) and a payload (the data).
What is generally contained in the header of a network packet?
i) Type of Protocol,
ii) Origin address,
iii) Destination address,
iv) Error Correction,
v) Other Metadata
What is the prototype computer network funded by the DoD in late 60s to early 70s, for the purpose of connecting research institutions?
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET)
What type of network is ARPANET?
Packet Switching Network
How are computers connected prior to the development of a packet-switching network?
Computers are connected using a direct channel known as a circuit. If the circuit is broken, all computers would fail.
What is one feature packet switching network can do a circuit network cannot?
The ability to forward information from one computer to another
How is it ensured that information is sent to the correct host within a packet switching network?
Each packet in the network is addressed with a source and destination address together with other necessary information.
What is the host that is capable of performing forwarding function?
Router
In what way is a packet-switching network robust?
It has the ability to recover from communication link failures, such as transmission line failures or when a router fails to respond. This is done by re-routing data packet.
True or False: When a transmission process momentarily failed on a packet-switching network, the re-transmission process requires it to start all over.
False. Data is send in small chunks (packets). When some data are lost or damaged during transmission causing a momentarily failure, the re-transmission will only need to re-send the lost or damaged data packets.
What is the primary protocol of the Internet?
TCP/IP
What are the layers of in the TCP/IP model?
i) Application layer
ii) Transport layer
iii) Internet (Network) layer
iv) Link /Network Interface (Physical) layer
What is the function of the Link/Network Interface (Physical) layer?
It is responsible for putting frames onto the physical network; to define how a computer connects to a network. Data at this layer is packaged into a unit called frame.
What is the function of the Internet (Network) layer?
Encapsulates packets into Internet datagrams and deals with routing between different networks. It consist of three key protocols: Internet Protocol (IP), Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).
What is the function of the Internet Protocol (IP) in the network layer?
It is responsible for logical addressing and routing of packets between hosts and networks.
What is the function of the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) in the network layer?
Matches and locate the MAC Address by the IP address designated to the device
What is the function fo the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) in the network layer?
Sends messages and reports on errors regarding packet delivery
