module 4: studying biodiversity Flashcards
what are the 3 types of biodiversity
habitat
species
genetic
what is habitat diversity
number of different habitats in an area
what is species diversity
number of different species and the abundance of species in an area
what is genetic diversity
vacation of alleles within a species
what can we use to count ground insects
pitfall trap or pooter
what can we use to count aquatic organisms
kick sampling
how can we count long grass organisms
sweep net
what are the 3 types of non-random sampling
systematic
stratified
opportunistic
what is systematic sampling
samples taken at fixed intervals along a line, quadrants can be used
what is opportunistic sampling
samples chosen by investigator
what is stratified sampling
different areas in a habitat are identified and sampled separately in proportion to their part of the habitat as a whole
what is species richness
number of different species in a area
what is species evenness
relative abundance of each species in an area
how can we measure biodiversity
simpsons index
how can we measure genetic diversity
genetic polymorphism- polymorphism is two or more alleles at a locus
proportion of polymorphic gene loci =
no of polymorphic gene loci/total number of loci
how does human population growth affect biodiversity
habitat loss, over exploitation as more resources needed, urbanisation, pollution
how does monoculture affect biodiversity
habitat loss, local natural plants and animals destroyed with pesticides, heritage varieties lost
how does climate change affect biodiversity
greenhouse gases cause global warming, species need particular climates, previously inhabitable areas uninhabitable, increase or decrease in range of species, forced migration, extinction
why is maintaining important ecologically
to protect keystone species, distribution of food chains, maintain genetic resources such as food, clothing, drugs, fuels, industrial materials
why is maintaining economically important
reduce soil depletion, mono culture causes it which increases spending, visitors
why is maintaining aesthetically important
bring joy, attractive landscapes, visitors
