module 2: cell structure Flashcards
Eukaryotic cells
complex, plant and animal cells, DNA linear, nucleus present
Prokaryotic cells
smaller and simpler, bacteria, DNA circular, no nucleus
what organelles do plant cells have that animal cells don’t?
-cell wall
-vacuole
-chloroplasts
cell surface membrane
surface of animal cells, inside cell wall of plant cells and prokaryotic cells
made of lipids and protein
regulates movement of substances, has receptors
cell wall
surrounds plant cells, cellulose
support
nucleus
surrounded by envelope with pores
contains chromatin and nucleolus
controls cell activity
DNA contains instructions to make proteins
lysosomes
contains digestive enzymes
ribosome
floats free or attached to rer
made of proteins
no membrane
site where proteins made
rough endoplasmic reticulum
membranes with surface covered in ribosomes
folds and processes proteins
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
no ribosomes
synthesises and processes lipids
vesicle
small sac with membrane
transports substances
Golgi apparatus
flattered membrane bound sacs
processes and packages lipids and proteins
mitochondria
double membraned
inner membrane folded called cristae
inside is matrix containing enzymes for respiration
site of aerobic respiration where ATP produced
require lots of energy
chloroplasts
double membrane
inner membraned called thylakoids which are stacked to form grana
site of photosynthesis
centriole
hollow cylinders made of microtubules
separate chromosomes
cilia
small hair like structures
move substances along cell surface
flagellum
long hair like structures
propels moving cell forwards
organelles involved in protein production
proteins made at ribosomes
pass to rer to be processed
transported to Golgi in vesicles
processed and packaged at Golgi
vesicles transport protein to cell surface to be excreted
functions of cytoskeleton
support organelles to stay in position
strengthen cell
movement of materials
movement of cell
magnification equations
image/ actual
magnification
size of an image
resolution
the ability to distinguish between 2 points
light microscope
use light to see detail
low resolution
look at whole cells and tissues
x1500 magnification
dye used- methylene blue, eosin
laser scanning confocal
use laser beams to scan a specimen with florescent dye tag causing light
light focused through pinhole onto detector
3D
clear image
that at depths in thick specimens
electron microscope
use electrons to form an image
high resolution
metal ions used to scatter electrons creating contrast
transmission- uses electromagnets on thin specimens, x1,000,000
scanning- show surface of specimen, can be 3D, lower resolution, x500,000
