module 2: enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

what are 2 types of enzyme action

A

intracellular
extracellular

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2
Q

examples of intracellular

A

catalase- breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water

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3
Q

examples of extracellular

A

amylase- stretch to maltose
trypsin- hydrolysis of peptide bonds

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4
Q

what type of protein are enzymes

A

globular

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5
Q

what are biological catalysts

A

speed up chemical reactions

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6
Q

what determines specificity of active site

A

tertiary structure

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7
Q

what is activation energy

A

amount of energy needed for chemical reaction

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8
Q

how do enzymes affect activation energy

A

reduce it so speed up rate of reaction

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9
Q

what is the lock and key theory

A

-substrate fits perfectly into active site with a complementary shape forming enzyme substrate complex
-enzyme product complex splits and products separated

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10
Q

what is the induced fit theory

A

-substrate complementary shape
-enzyme active site changes shape slightly to allow a better fit of substrate forming enzyme substrate complex
- enzyme product complex splits and products leave active site

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11
Q

effect of temperature on enzyme activity

A
  • increases kinetic energy of molecules so they move faster and are more likely to collide forming enzyme-substrate complex
  • if tempt too high it will denture as bonds may brake in territory structure changing its specific shape
  • opposite for low temp
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12
Q

what is the Q10 formula

A

rate at high temp/rate at low temp

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13
Q

what does Q10 show

A

how much rate of reaction changes when temp raised by 10 degrees

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14
Q

what does Q10 value of 2 show

A

rate doubles when raised by 10 degrees

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15
Q

how does pH affect enzymes

A

above and below optimum ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds affected by H+ and OH- ions that hold territory structure

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16
Q

how does enzyme concentration affect activity

A

more enzymes= more change of collision so increases rate of reaction
rate will plateau when substrate limited

17
Q

how does substrate concentration affect activity

A

more substrate= more change of collision so increases rate of reaction
rate will plateau when enzymes saturated

18
Q

what are cofactors

A

non-protein substances that make enzymes work
they are inorganic- help enzyme bond to substrate and aren’t changed in the reaction

19
Q

what are coenzymes

A

organic- changed by the reaction, act as carriers

20
Q

what are competitive inhibitors

A

block active site- similar in shape to substrate