Module 4: Section D - CRP and Scheduling Flashcards
Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP)
-function of establishing, measuring, and adjusting limits or levels of capacity
-terms refers to process of determining in detail amount of labor and machine resources required to accomplish tasks of production
Gateway Work Center
-work center that performs the first operation of a particular routing sequence
Infinite Loading
-calculation of capacity required at work centers in time periods required regardless of capacity available to perform this work
-if org has limited ability to increase capacity (e.g. already running 3 shifts) capacity may have to be increased through overtime, subcontracting, or expansion, or work may have to be shifted to other periods or machines
Finite Loading
-assigning no more work to a work center than the work center can be expected to execute in a given time period
-if org has limited ability to increase capacity (e.g. already running 3 shifts) finite loading would be appropriate since it reflects on upper limit on capacity
-can be done on a:
1. vertical loading basis (each work center is scheduled indepenently); each work center is fully loaded
- horizontal loading basis (whole orders are scheduled across multiple work centers at same time); there may be gaps in schedule for a given work center and scheduler can then project number of hours each work center willoperate if this is less than full time
Time Standard
-predetermined times allowed for performance of a specific job
-often consist of two parts, one for machine setup and one for actual running
-can be developed through observation of actual work (time study), summation of standard micromotion times (predetermined or synthetic time standards) or approximation (historical job times)
Final Assembly Scheduling
-schedule of end items to finish product for specific customers’ orders in a MTO or ATO environment (for MTO few raw materials, but possible range of products that can be customer-made is larger; for ATO raw materials are many, but they are narrowed down into relatively few modules or optional features
-rationale behind placing MPS at choke point of where there are the fewest things to plan is about managing complexity and improving forecasting
-not needed for MTS products –> raw materials are numerous but there are comparatively few end products so MPS is created for end items
-ETO also does not use FAS b/c product such as a building, is fully specified before manufacturing begins
-prepared after receipt of a customer order as constrained by the availabiliy of material and capacity and it schedules the operations required to complete the product from the level where it is stock or master scheduled to the end-item level
-eliminates need for high levels of finished goods inventory to meet customer lead time and product variety expectations
-may involve operations such as final mixing, cutting, packaging
Remedial maintenance
-unscheduled maintenance performed to return a product or process to a specified performance level after a failure or malfunction
Predictive Maintenance
-based on nondestructive testing and statistical analysis such as mean time between failures or real-time monitoring of performance using sensor data
-objectives are to predict when required maintenance should be scheduled before a machine breaks down and to performance maintenance in a way that minimizes interference with machine availability
Preventative Maintenance
-includes activities as adjustments, replacement, and basic cleanliness
-objective: prevent breakdowns, maintain machine productivity and consistency of output, prolong life of machines
-should begin with the work centers that are most critical to the flow of goods, those used a space setters or are bottlenecks
Procurement
-business functins of procurement planning, purchasing, inventory control, traffic, receiving, incoming inspection, and salvage operations
-overall process of establishing specifications, selecting suppliers, negotiating contracts, and then procuring goods/services from suppliers
-objectives relate to higher level supply goals such as a desire to form a strategic alliance with a suppler
Purchasing
-term used in industry and management to denote the function of and the responsibility for procuring materials, supplies, and services
-working with selected suppliers to obtain specific goods/services under some type og contract, from a basic purchase order to a more involved contract type
-includes monitoring suppliers to ensure that materials flow to org with proper timing and that services are performed correctly, following up with them and controlling suppliers as needed, expediting orders
Physical supply
-movement and storage of goods from supplirs to manufacturing
-cost of physical supply is ultimately passed on to the customer
Supplier
1) provider of goods or services
2) seller with home the buyer does business, as opposed to the vendor, which is a generic term referring to all sellers in the marketplace
Responsible Procurement
-assuring use of ethical sources of goods/services where a form does business to bring about a positive impact and minimize negative impact on societies and environments including reduce, reuse, and recycle of materials
-includes processes for identifying, assessing, and managing environmental social, and ethical risk in supply chain
Landed Cost
-includes product cost plus costs of logistics, such as warehousing, transportation, and handling fees
