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Anatomy and Physiology Lab > Module 4 Muscle Physiology/Cat > Flashcards

Module 4 Muscle Physiology/Cat Flashcards

1
Q

Depolarization is when the _______ becomes __________ charged

A

Depolarization is when the CELL INTERIOR/INTERIOR OF MEMBRANE becomes LESS NEGATIVELY charged (reversal of RMP)

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2
Q

Repolarization is when ___ ions move ___ the cell restoring ______

A

Repolarization is when K+ ions move OUT the cell restoring RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL (reestablishment of RMP)

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3
Q

Action potential is the rapid _____ and ____ of the ____ that is propagated along the entire ___ from the point of _____

A

Action potential is the rapid DEPOLARIZATION and REPOLARIZATION of the MEMBRANE that is propagated along the entire MEMBRANE from the point of STIMULATION

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4
Q

Absolute refractory period is when ____ of any _____ will ___ a new ______

A

Absolute refractory period is when NO STIMULUS of any STRENGTH will TRIGGER a new ACTION POTENTIAL

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5
Q

Relative refractory period is when it is ____ to ____ a _____ but only with an ________________

A

Relative refractory period is when it is POSSIBLE to TRIGGER a NEW ACTION POTENTIAL but only with an UNUSUALLY STRONG STIMULUS

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6
Q

A muscle twitch is a ________ of ____ muscle

A

A muscle twitch is a SINGLE CONTRACTION of SKELETAL muscle

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7
Q

Latent period is the interval from ______ until the ____ begins to ____

A

Latent period is the interval from STIMULUS APPLICATION until the MUSCLE begins to SHORTEN

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8
Q

Period of contraction is when the…

A

Period of contraction is when the MUSCLE FIBERS SHORTEN

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9
Q

Period of relaxation (is represented by a ______ on tracings) is when ______ ___ and _____

A

Period of relaxation (is represented by a DOWNWARD CURVE on tracings) is when MUSCLE FIBERS RELAX and LENGTHEN

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10
Q

Motor unit is a ____ motor ___ and all of the ____ within a ___ that it ____

A

Motor unit is a SINGLE motor NEURON and all of the FIBERS within a MUSCLE that it ACTIVATES

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11
Q
  • Threshold stimulus = ___ at which the first perceptible _____ ____ is obtained
  • Subthreshold stimulus = ______ applied prior to this point
  • Maximal stimulus = ____ stimulus at which all _____ are being ____
A
  • Threshold stimulus = VOLTAGE at which the first perceptible CONTRACTILE RESPONSE is obtained
  • Subthreshold stimulus = ALL STIMULUS applied prior to this point
  • Maximal stimulus = WEAKEST stimulus at which all MUSCLE FIBERS are being STIMULATED
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12
Q

Wave/Temporal summation is when a ____ is stimulated with a ___ series of ____ of the _____ before it has had a chance to ____ completely

A

Wave/Temporal summation is when a MUSCLE is stimulated with a RAPID series of STIMULI of the SAME INTENSITY before it has had a chance to RELAX completely

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13
Q

Complete tetanus is when ____ to a particular _____ are repeated so _____ that decrease of ____ between stimuli ____ be detected.

A

Complete tetanus is when STIMULI to a particular MUSCLE are repeated so RAPIDLY that decrease of TENSION between stimuli CANNOT be detected.

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14
Q

Reflexes are ____, ____, ____ motor responses to ____.

Reflex arcs are _____ and ____ mechanisms that controls a ___.

A

Reflexes are RAPID, PREDICTABLE, INVOLUNTARY motor responses to STIMULI.

Reflex arcs are NEUROLOGICAL and SENSORY mechanisms that controls a REFLEX.

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15
Q

Autonomic reflexes are reflexes we are ______

vs Somatic reflexes include reflexes that involve ____ of _______

A

Autonomic reflexes are reflexes we are NOT USUALLY AWARE OF

vs Somatic reflexes include reflexes that involve STIMULATION of SKELETAL MUSCLE

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16
Q

Why is reflex testing important?

A

It assesses the condition of the nervous system - can pinpoint level of injury (ex, spinal cord injury, motor nerves at lesion site)

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17
Q

Name, identify, and describe the function of each element of a reflex arc

A
  • Receptor - site of stimulus action
  • Sensory neuron - transmits afferent impulses to CNS
  • Integration center - synapses between sensory and motor neuron
  • Motor neuron - conducts efferent impulses from integration center to effector organ
  • Effector - muscle fiber or gland cell that responds to efferent impulses by contracting or secreting
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18
Q

Name and describe a few reflexes, their function, and if they’re somatic or autonomic

A
  • Corneal reflex - trigeminal nerve - assesses damage to brain stem - somatic
  • Pupillary reflex - retina of eye is receptor - assesses trauma or deterioration of vital brain stem tissue - autonomic
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19
Q

Identify the muscles

A
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20
Q

Identify the muscles

A
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21
Q

Identify the muscles

A
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22
Q

Identify the muscles

A
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23
Q

Identify the muscles

A
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24
Q

Identify the muscles

A
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25
Q

Identify the muscles

A
26
Q

Identify the muscles

A
27
Q

Identify the muscles

A
28
Q

Identify the muscles

A
29
Q

Identify the muscles

A
30
Q

Identify the muscles

A
31
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Rectus abdominis

32
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Transverse abdominis

33
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Pectoralis major

34
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Pectoralis minor

35
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Serratus anterior/ventralis

36
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Latissimus dorsi

37
Q

What muscle is this?

A

External abdominal oblique

38
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Internal abdominal oblique

39
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Biceps brachii

40
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Brachialis

41
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Adductor longus

42
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Sartorius

43
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Gracilis

44
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Tensor faciae latae

45
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Rectus femoris

46
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Vastus medialis

47
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Vastus Lateralis

48
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Gluteus maximus

49
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Gluteus medius

50
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Semitendinosus

51
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Semimembranosum

52
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Extensor digitorium longus

53
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Tibialis anterior

54
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Calcaneal tendon

55
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Flexor digitorium longus

56
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Gastrocnemius

57
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Soleus

58
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Biceps brachii

59
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Long head of triceps brachii

60
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Medial head of triceps brachii

61
Q

What muscle is this?

A

Lateral head of triceps brachii

Anatomy and Physiology Lab (5 decks)

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