Module 4 Exam Flashcards
With reference to the ligaments of the lower extremity joints, which statement is correct?
The lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle are most often sprained partially due to natural inversion at the subtalar joint
When the hip flexes in standing, the following motions are likely to occur.
knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion
Which of the following correctly describes the bones that make up the hip joint?
acetabulum (ilium, ischium, pubis) and proximal femur
In upright standing, posterior pelvic tilt is associated with:
hip extension; decrease in lumbar lordosis
____________ is a hip deformity commonly seen in patients with cerebral palsy, that predisposes the person to hip dislocation because the femoral neck angle of inclination is increased.
Coxa valga
Three muscles that insert on the pes anserine are _______________.
sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus
During gait, what is the gluteus medius responsible for?
Reducing drop of the opposite side of the pelvis
The two obturator muscles ______________________.
both externally rotate the hip
_________________ is the muscle that unlocks the knee.
Popliteus
The knee joint__________________.
is dependent on ligaments and muscles for stability
Which statement is most correct with regard to the Q angle of the knee?
Excessive Q angle increases the likelihood of patellar dysfunction
Which statement is most correct, with regard to coxa varum?
Coxa varum is a reduced angle of inclination at the femoral neck
What effect will removal of the patella have?
Reduce the functional strength of the quadriceps by 50%
The anterior cruciate ligament _______________________.
attaches the anterior tibia to the posterior femur, protecting the tibia from forward dislocation
Genu valgum is also referred to as ___________________ and can result in excessive tensile forces on the _______________ ligament of the knee.
knock knees/medial collateral
With reference to the patellofemoral joint:
Excessive lateral patellar tracking occurs with increased Q-angle.
With regard to the tibiofemoral joint, which answer is MOST correct?:
The joint is stabilized laterally by the lateral collateral ligament, IT band, and biceps femoris muscle
During the “screw home” mechanism of the knee joint which of the following occurs?
The medial femoral condyle slides backward as the knee moves into full extension
Which muscles are found on the medial and posteromedial side of the knee?
Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
With regard to the quadricep muscles, which statement is the most correct?
They allow the patella to float above the femur when the knee nears full extension
___________________ knee ligaments are intraarticular.
Anterior and posterior cruciate
One of your patients has decreased knee extension due to pain and a pinching feeling. He states that each time he straightens the leg out while sitting, it feels like something is being “pinched” under his kneecap. He likely has a _____________.
Patella plica
Your 20 year old patient was injured while her foot was planted. She was diagnosed with grade three tears of the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus. This is known as_____________
The terrible triad
What one action does the following muscles perform? The biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and gastrocnemius
All flex the knee
Abnormal patellar tracking can result in which of the following?
Chondromalacia patellae, osteoarthritis, or patellar dislocations
With regard to the menisci of the knee, which statement is the MOST correct?
The outer edges can heal well, but the inner areas have poor to no blood supply
With regards to the angle of inclination of the neck of the femur and the shaft of the femur, which statement is the most correct?
Less than 120 degrees is known as coxa vara
As a PTA student you are tasked with watching your patient walk back and forth in the clinic so you can assess his gait. You notice that as he is walking he has a hip hike on the right side, which muscle is performing this action?
quadratus lumborum
The ligamentum teres _________________________________.
encases the artery to the head of the femur
The _____ is the projection of bone from the distal fibula.
Lateral malleolus
Which two opposing muscles attach to the medial cuneiform?
Tibialis anterior and peroneus longus
With regard to the sustentaculum tali, which statement is the MOST correct?
It is a projection of the calcaneus that supports the talus so it can support the tibia.
https://image.shutterstock.com/image-photo/advanced-flat-feet-pes-planus-260nw-1779245159.jpg
Pes planus
https://thetagoeclinic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/pes-300x188.jpg
Pes cavus
The plantar calcaneonavicular or spring ligament:
helps to maintain the medial longitudinal arch of the foot, and by providing support to the head of the talus, bears the major portion of the body weight.
A person who has genu varum is also likely to have ___________.
Coxa valga
Where is the lesser trochanter found?
Distal, medial, and posterior to the greater trochanter on the femur
Other than possibly the scapula, where is the largest sesamoid bone in the body found?
In the quadriceps tendon
The calcaneal tuberosity_______________.
serves as the attachment site for the Achilles tendon
The tibial and peroneal nerve are divisions of which larger nerve?
Sciatic
Your patient has weakness of the quadricep muscles while standing in a closed chain position, you want to work on strengthening these muscles during your session, but you also teach the patient to use the ______________ to assist with knee extension
Soleus
The tibialis posterior and the fibularis longus, both ______________________.
Muscles perform plantar flexion
Most of the muscles which dorsiflex the ankle/foot are innervated by which nerve?
Deep fibular nerve
Your patient has decreased ankle motion and your CI asks you which muscle courses on the medial side of the anterior-posterior axis of rotation and which motion does it produce. You state___________ and ___________.
tibialis posterior; inversion
On your first day of your clinical rotation, you have a patient who states they are trying out for the track team at school. They are wanting to participate in hurdles and high jump. Since she has been practicing so much she has noticed pain in her foot when she “pushes off”. You watch her walk and notices she has pes planus. What is her likely condition?
plantar fasciitis
Your patient has tight hamstrings, when standing with his knees fully extended you see _________________.
Posterior pelvic tilt
You are wanting to isolate the gluteus maximus in order to muscle test. What do you ask your patient to do?
Bend your knee
Your patient is in supine on the mat table with the legs hanging off, you notice the space between their low back and the mat increases, this is likely caused by ___________.
anterior pelvic tilt due to tight hip flexors
You observe a patient with paraplegia standing with loftstrand crutches and lower limb braces leaning the pelvis and trunk posteriorly to the hip joints to maintain hip extension, this is known as ____________.
hanging on his “Y” ligaments
Your patient has hip and knee flexion contractures, your CI asks you for an intervention that would be most beneficial. You state _________
getting the patient in prone
