Module 4 Exam

Question 1

With reference to the ligaments of the lower extremity joints, which statement is correct?

Answer 1

The lateral collateral ligaments of the ankle are most often sprained partially due to natural inversion at the subtalar joint

Question 2

When the hip flexes in standing, the following motions are likely to occur.

Answer 2

knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion

Question 3

Which of the following correctly describes the bones that make up the hip joint?

Answer 3

acetabulum (ilium, ischium, pubis) and proximal femur

Question 4

In upright standing, posterior pelvic tilt is associated with:

Answer 4

hip extension; decrease in lumbar lordosis

Question 5

____________ is a hip deformity commonly seen in patients with cerebral palsy, that predisposes the person to hip dislocation because the femoral neck angle of inclination is increased.

Answer 5

Coxa valga

Question 6

Three muscles that insert on the pes anserine are _______________.

Answer 6

sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus

Question 7

During gait, what is the gluteus medius responsible for?

Answer 7

Reducing drop of the opposite side of the pelvis

Question 8

The two obturator muscles ______________________.

Answer 8

both externally rotate the hip

Question 9

_________________ is the muscle that unlocks the knee.

Answer 9

Popliteus

Question 10

The knee joint__________________.

Answer 10

is dependent on ligaments and muscles for stability

Question 11

Which statement is most correct with regard to the Q angle of the knee?

Answer 11

Excessive Q angle increases the likelihood of patellar dysfunction

Question 12

Which statement is most correct, with regard to coxa varum?

Answer 12

Coxa varum is a reduced angle of inclination at the femoral neck

Question 13

What effect will removal of the patella have?

Answer 13

Reduce the functional strength of the quadriceps by 50%

Question 14

The anterior cruciate ligament _______________________.

Answer 14

attaches the anterior tibia to the posterior femur, protecting the tibia from forward dislocation

Question 15

Genu valgum is also referred to as ___________________ and can result in excessive tensile forces on the _______________ ligament of the knee.

Answer 15

knock knees/medial collateral

Question 16

With reference to the patellofemoral joint:

Answer 16

Excessive lateral patellar tracking occurs with increased Q-angle.

Question 17

With regard to the tibiofemoral joint, which answer is MOST correct?:

Answer 17

The joint is stabilized laterally by the lateral collateral ligament, IT band, and biceps femoris muscle

Question 18

During the “screw home” mechanism of the knee joint which of the following occurs?

Answer 18

The medial femoral condyle slides backward as the knee moves into full extension

Question 19

Which muscles are found on the medial and posteromedial side of the knee?

Answer 19

Sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

Question 20

With regard to the quadricep muscles, which statement is the most correct?

Answer 20

They allow the patella to float above the femur when the knee nears full extension

Question 21

___________________ knee ligaments are intraarticular.

Answer 21

Anterior and posterior cruciate

Question 22

One of your patients has decreased knee extension due to pain and a pinching feeling. He states that each time he straightens the leg out while sitting, it feels like something is being “pinched” under his kneecap. He likely has a _____________.

Answer 22

Patella plica

Question 23

Your 20 year old patient was injured while her foot was planted. She was diagnosed with grade three tears of the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus. This is known as_____________

Answer 23

The terrible triad

Question 24

What one action does the following muscles perform? The biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and gastrocnemius

Answer 24

All flex the knee

Question 25

Abnormal patellar tracking can result in which of the following?

Answer 25

Chondromalacia patellae, osteoarthritis, or patellar dislocations

Question 26

With regard to the menisci of the knee, which statement is the MOST correct?

Answer 26

The outer edges can heal well, but the inner areas have poor to no blood supply

Question 27

With regards to the angle of inclination of the neck of the femur and the shaft of the femur, which statement is the most correct?

Answer 27

Less than 120 degrees is known as coxa vara

Question 28

As a PTA student you are tasked with watching your patient walk back and forth in the clinic so you can assess his gait. You notice that as he is walking he has a hip hike on the right side, which muscle is performing this action?

Answer 28

quadratus lumborum

Question 29

The ligamentum teres _________________________________.

Answer 29

encases the artery to the head of the femur

Question 30

The _____ is the projection of bone from the distal fibula.

Answer 30

Lateral malleolus

Question 31

Which two opposing muscles attach to the medial cuneiform?

Answer 31

Tibialis anterior and peroneus longus

Question 32

With regard to the sustentaculum tali, which statement is the MOST correct?

Answer 32

It is a projection of the calcaneus that supports the talus so it can support the tibia.

Question 33

https://image.shutterstock.com/image-photo/advanced-flat-feet-pes-planus-260nw-1779245159.jpg

Answer 33

Pes planus

Question 34

https://thetagoeclinic.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/pes-300x188.jpg

Answer 34

Pes cavus

Question 35

The plantar calcaneonavicular or spring ligament:

Answer 35

helps to maintain the medial longitudinal arch of the foot, and by providing support to the head of the talus, bears the major portion of the body weight.

Question 36

A person who has genu varum is also likely to have ___________.

Answer 36

Coxa valga

Question 37

Where is the lesser trochanter found?

Answer 37

Distal, medial, and posterior to the greater trochanter on the femur

Question 38

Other than possibly the scapula, where is the largest sesamoid bone in the body found?

Answer 38

In the quadriceps tendon

Question 39

The calcaneal tuberosity_______________.

Answer 39

serves as the attachment site for the Achilles tendon

Question 40

The tibial and peroneal nerve are divisions of which larger nerve?

Answer 40

Sciatic

Question 41

Your patient has weakness of the quadricep muscles while standing in a closed chain position, you want to work on strengthening these muscles during your session, but you also teach the patient to use the ______________ to assist with knee extension

Answer 41

Soleus

Question 42

The tibialis posterior and the fibularis longus, both ______________________.

Answer 42

Muscles perform plantar flexion

Question 43

Most of the muscles which dorsiflex the ankle/foot are innervated by which nerve?

Answer 43

Deep fibular nerve

Question 44

Your patient has decreased ankle motion and your CI asks you which muscle courses on the medial side of the anterior-posterior axis of rotation and which motion does it produce. You state___________ and ___________.

Answer 44

tibialis posterior; inversion

Question 45

On your first day of your clinical rotation, you have a patient who states they are trying out for the track team at school. They are wanting to participate in hurdles and high jump. Since she has been practicing so much she has noticed pain in her foot when she “pushes off”. You watch her walk and notices she has pes planus. What is her likely condition?

Answer 45

plantar fasciitis

Question 46

Your patient has tight hamstrings, when standing with his knees fully extended you see _________________.

Answer 46

Posterior pelvic tilt

Question 47

You are wanting to isolate the gluteus maximus in order to muscle test. What do you ask your patient to do?

Answer 47

Bend your knee

Question 48

Your patient is in supine on the mat table with the legs hanging off, you notice the space between their low back and the mat increases, this is likely caused by ___________.

Answer 48

anterior pelvic tilt due to tight hip flexors

Question 49

You observe a patient with paraplegia standing with loftstrand crutches and lower limb braces leaning the pelvis and trunk posteriorly to the hip joints to maintain hip extension, this is known as ____________.

Answer 49

hanging on his “Y” ligaments

Question 50

Your patient has hip and knee flexion contractures, your CI asks you for an intervention that would be most beneficial. You state _________

Answer 50

getting the patient in prone