Module 1 Exam Flashcards
Regarding to directions of joint movement
Circumduction is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
Of the following examples which application will increase friction
Rubber tips on crutches or a walker (instead of hard caps or tennis balls)
Regarding force
Distraction forces cause joint surfaces to move further apart
Regarding center of gravity (COG)
The line of gravity (LOG) is perpendicular to the COG
Which of the following statements is correct?
General plane motion is combined rotation and translation
Stability is increased in which of the following:
When the COG moves toward the center of BOS
A PTA is preparing to transition a patient from supine to sitting. Which of the following correctly explains what the PTA should do and why?
The PTA should move as close as possible to the patient to increase mechanical advantage. The PTA should bend his/her knees to lower the center of gravity, spread his/her feet to broaden the base of support
The third class lever system is best designed for ___________ and the second class lever system is best designed for________________.
Range of motion and power
The relationship between a muscle’s line of pull and the axis of rotation of a joint determines the ______________ that a particular muscle can produce.
Action or actions
The lever system most used in the body is
Third class
Knee flexion occurs in the ____________________ plane.
Sagittal
Shoulder abduction occurs in the __________________plane.
Coronal/Frontal
Trunk rotation occurs in the __________ plane.
Transverse
If a clinician provided the force necessary to move a person’s limb through the ranges of motion, the movement would be a demonstration of________.
Passive movement
During glenohumeral abduction (convex on concave) the humeral head ___________superiorly and glides ________________.
Rolls/inferiorly
Triaxial synovial joint
Exhibits movement in all planes
Which of the following are correct about synovial joint structures?
Synovial fluid provides nourishment to cartilaginous structures
In a closed kinematic chain system of the body
Examples include push up exercise for upper extremities or squatting exercises for lower extremities
The hinge joint is a _______ joint; the ball and socket joint is a ______ joint.
Uniaxial/triaxial
Hypomobility:
May occur as a result of prolonged immobilization
The fibrous component of connective joint tissue is composed of _________ . __________ gives tissue its tensile strength.
Collagen, collagen
When a joint is in the closed packed position:
Ligaments and capsules are taut
The ___________ is the contractile element of the muscle.
Sarcomere
When size of a muscle (like the biceps) is increased with strengthening exercises:
The number of sarcomeres has increased
Active insufficiency:
Occurs when the muscle is completely shortened and joints have not completed their full range of motion
The muscle spindle:
Responds to muscle lengthening or stretching/quick stretch
A muscle contraction which is lengthening and attachments are moving away from each other is a(n) _________ contraction.
Eccentric
A muscle contraction in which there is no change in muscle length and no joint movement is a (n) _________ contraction.
Isometric
The muscle causing movement of the joint is called the ________; the muscle assisting (helping) in providing the motion is the _________.
Agonist/synergist
Movement of the free distal segment of bone about a relatively fixed proximal segment is often referred to as a(n)______.
Open-chain motion
With overuse injuries to muscle:
The musculotendinous region is most often damaged
Match the following terms:
1: Forces originating from outside the body:
2: the direction of muscular force, typically represented as a vector:
3: the motions of bones related to planes
4: the motion that occurs between the articular surfaces of joints
1: external forces
2: line of pull
3: Osteokinematics
4: Arthrokinematics
The skull, hyoid bone, ribs, and vertebral column form the:
Axial skeleton
The condition when a muscle is so tight as to severely restrict joint movement is known as:
Contracture
Which of the following structures connect bone to bone and function primarily to resist internal and external forces?
Ligaments
Which of the following is an example of a condyloid joint?
Metacarpophalangeal
Damage to the muscle fiber will cause:
Atrophy
Which is true of the muscle
The sarcomere is the contractile unit of muscle wherein actin and myosin move over each other (form cross bridges) in response to a stimulus
The pulmonary vein moves ____________________.
Oxygenated blood from the lung to the heart
Which of the following motions would be produced by a muscular line of pull that courses anterior to the medial-lateral axis of rotation?
Hip flexion
Going from sitting to standing is an example of a/an _______________ motion at the knee.
Closed chain
The brachial plexus is comprised of roots __________.
C5-T1
A peripheral nerve injury (PNI) to the radial nerve causes ______________.
Wrist drop
Muscular force-couple as seen in upward rotation of the scapula occurs when _____________.
Two or more muscles produce forces in different linear directions but torque in the same rotational direction.
A diarthrodial joint is:
Freely moveable
Essay Question (2 points): Using 1-3 sentences please explain the clinical significance of understanding the 5 Principles of Stability for a physical therapist assistant (PTA). You may use examples in your explanation or just describe. The following needs to be included in your answer.
1: Why do we need to know this?
2: How does it affect what we do with our patients?
3: Why is it important to us as therapists?
As PTA’s we need to know how to trasfer patients as efficiently as possible and the 5 principles of stability teach us how to do so. We are going to be doing trasfers for a large portion of our day, it is important that we don’t get hurt while handling a patient. Also, an impactful aspect of these principles is that we can teach them to patients who struggle with standing and keeping balance in our therapy treatment.
