Module 1 Exam

Question 1

Regarding to directions of joint movement

Answer 1

Circumduction is a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

Question 2

Of the following examples which application will increase friction

Answer 2

Rubber tips on crutches or a walker (instead of hard caps or tennis balls)

Question 3

Regarding force

Answer 3

Distraction forces cause joint surfaces to move further apart

Question 4

Regarding center of gravity (COG)

Answer 4

The line of gravity (LOG) is perpendicular to the COG

Question 5

Which of the following statements is correct?

Answer 5

General plane motion is combined rotation and translation

Question 6

Stability is increased in which of the following:

Answer 6

When the COG moves toward the center of BOS

Question 7

A PTA is preparing to transition a patient from supine to sitting. Which of the following correctly explains what the PTA should do and why?

Answer 7

The PTA should move as close as possible to the patient to increase mechanical advantage. The PTA should bend his/her knees to lower the center of gravity, spread his/her feet to broaden the base of support

Question 8

The third class lever system is best designed for ___________ and the second class lever system is best designed for________________.

Answer 8

Range of motion and power

Question 9

The relationship between a muscle’s line of pull and the axis of rotation of a joint determines the ______________ that a particular muscle can produce.

Answer 9

Action or actions

Question 10

The lever system most used in the body is

Answer 10

Third class

Question 11

Knee flexion occurs in the ____________________ plane.

Answer 11

Sagittal

Question 12

Shoulder abduction occurs in the __________________plane.

Answer 12

Coronal/Frontal

Question 13

Trunk rotation occurs in the __________ plane.

Answer 13

Transverse

Question 14

If a clinician provided the force necessary to move a person’s limb through the ranges of motion, the movement would be a demonstration of________.

Answer 14

Passive movement

Question 15

During glenohumeral abduction (convex on concave) the humeral head ___________superiorly and glides ________________.

Answer 15

Rolls/inferiorly

Question 16

Triaxial synovial joint

Answer 16

Exhibits movement in all planes

Question 17

Which of the following are correct about synovial joint structures?

Answer 17

Synovial fluid provides nourishment to cartilaginous structures

Question 18

In a closed kinematic chain system of the body

Answer 18

Examples include push up exercise for upper extremities or squatting exercises for lower extremities

Question 19

The hinge joint is a _______ joint; the ball and socket joint is a ______ joint.

Answer 19

Uniaxial/triaxial

Question 20

Hypomobility:

Answer 20

May occur as a result of prolonged immobilization

Question 21

The fibrous component of connective joint tissue is composed of _________ . __________ gives tissue its tensile strength.

Answer 21

Collagen, collagen

Question 22

When a joint is in the closed packed position:

Answer 22

Ligaments and capsules are taut

Question 23

The ___________ is the contractile element of the muscle.

Answer 23

Sarcomere

Question 24

When size of a muscle (like the biceps) is increased with strengthening exercises:

Answer 24

The number of sarcomeres has increased

Question 25

Active insufficiency:

Answer 25

Occurs when the muscle is completely shortened and joints have not completed their full range of motion

Question 26

The muscle spindle:

Answer 26

Responds to muscle lengthening or stretching/quick stretch

Question 27

A muscle contraction which is lengthening and attachments are moving away from each other is a(n) _________ contraction.

Answer 27

Eccentric

Question 28

A muscle contraction in which there is no change in muscle length and no joint movement is a (n) _________ contraction.

Answer 28

Isometric

Question 29

The muscle causing movement of the joint is called the ________; the muscle assisting (helping) in providing the motion is the _________.

Answer 29

Agonist/synergist

Question 30

Movement of the free distal segment of bone about a relatively fixed proximal segment is often referred to as a(n)______.

Answer 30

Open-chain motion

Question 31

With overuse injuries to muscle:

Answer 31

The musculotendinous region is most often damaged

Question 32

Match the following terms:
1: Forces originating from outside the body:
2: the direction of muscular force, typically represented as a vector:
3: the motions of bones related to planes
4: the motion that occurs between the articular surfaces of joints

Answer 32

1: external forces
2: line of pull
3: Osteokinematics
4: Arthrokinematics

Question 33

The skull, hyoid bone, ribs, and vertebral column form the:

Answer 33

Axial skeleton

Question 34

The condition when a muscle is so tight as to severely restrict joint movement is known as:

Answer 34

Contracture

Question 35

Which of the following structures connect bone to bone and function primarily to resist internal and external forces?

Answer 35

Ligaments

Question 36

Which of the following is an example of a condyloid joint?

Answer 36

Metacarpophalangeal

Question 37

Damage to the muscle fiber will cause:

Answer 37

Atrophy

Question 38

Which is true of the muscle

Answer 38

The sarcomere is the contractile unit of muscle wherein actin and myosin move over each other (form cross bridges) in response to a stimulus

Question 39

The pulmonary vein moves ____________________.

Answer 39

Oxygenated blood from the lung to the heart

Question 40

Which of the following motions would be produced by a muscular line of pull that courses anterior to the medial-lateral axis of rotation?

Answer 40

Hip flexion

Question 41

Going from sitting to standing is an example of a/an _______________ motion at the knee.

Answer 41

Closed chain

Question 42

The brachial plexus is comprised of roots __________.

Answer 42

C5-T1

Question 43

A peripheral nerve injury (PNI) to the radial nerve causes ______________.

Answer 43

Wrist drop

Question 44

Muscular force-couple as seen in upward rotation of the scapula occurs when _____________.

Answer 44

Two or more muscles produce forces in different linear directions but torque in the same rotational direction.

Question 45

A diarthrodial joint is:

Answer 45

Freely moveable

Question 46

Essay Question (2 points): Using 1-3 sentences please explain the clinical significance of understanding the 5 Principles of Stability for a physical therapist assistant (PTA). You may use examples in your explanation or just describe. The following needs to be included in your answer.

1: Why do we need to know this?
2: How does it affect what we do with our patients?
3: Why is it important to us as therapists?

Answer 46

As PTA’s we need to know how to trasfer patients as efficiently as possible and the 5 principles of stability teach us how to do so. We are going to be doing trasfers for a large portion of our day, it is important that we don’t get hurt while handling a patient. Also, an impactful aspect of these principles is that we can teach them to patients who struggle with standing and keeping balance in our therapy treatment.