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Neuro > Module 4 - Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Module 4 - Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is general somatic afferent?

A

sensory; pain, temperature, and mechanical stimuli in skin, muscle, joints

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2
Q

What is special somatic afferent?

A

sensory; special senses of sight, hearing, equilibrium

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3
Q

What is general visceral afferent?

A

sensory; visceral structures

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4
Q

What is general somatic efferent

A

voluntary motor control

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5
Q

What is special visceral afferent?

A

smell and taste

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6
Q

What is general visceral efferent?

A

autonomic innervation of smooth muscle

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7
Q

What is special visceral efferent?

A

same as branchial efferent - certain striated muscles muscles of the face, larynx, pharynx; identical to normal striated muscles but the neurons have distinctive location in brainstem

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8
Q

Damage to UMNs results in what?

A

spasticity

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9
Q

Damage to LMNs results in what?

A

paralysis/weakness

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10
Q

What is CN I?

A

olfactory

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11
Q

What is CN II?

A

optic nerve

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12
Q

If there’s damage to CN II BEFORE the optic chiasm, what would happen?

A

would lose one eye, but have both visual fields

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13
Q

If there’s damage to CN II AFTER the optic chiasm, what would happen?

A

both eyes probably intact, but one visual field is missing

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14
Q

What is CN III?

A

Oculomotor; visual tracking, fixation on object, pupil adjustments, elevation of eyelid

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15
Q

What is CN IV?

A

Trochlear: motor for the eye

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16
Q

What is CN VI?

A

Abducens: Motor for a few eye muscles

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17
Q

Where does CN V originate?

A

Pons

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18
Q

What are the three branches of CN V?

A

opthalmic (sensory), maxillary (sensory), mandibular (motor and sensory)

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19
Q

CN V provides motor innervation to what?

A

muscles of mastication

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20
Q

LMN damage to CN V results in what ?

A

flaccid paralysis of the ipsilateral mastication muscles; jaw deviates toward affected side; jaw protrusion affected

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21
Q

Bilateral UMN damage to CN V results in what?

A

severe effects characterized by restricted movements, swallowing and articulation difficulties

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22
Q

Unilateral UMN damage to CN V results in what?

A

mild effects - bilateral innervation

23
Q

What are the four branches of CN VII?

A

branchial motor, visceral motor, special sensory, general sensory

24
Q

What does the branchial motor of CN VII do?

A

voluntary control of the muscles of facial expression and some suprahyoids

25
Q

What does the visceral motor branch of CN VII do?

A

secretion from submandibular, sublingual and lacrimal glands; mucous membranes of nasopharynx and hard and soft palates

26
Q

What does the special sensory branch of CN VII do?

A

taste information from anterior 2/3 of tongue and hard and soft palates

27
Q

What does the general sensory branch of CN VII do?

A

sensory information from ear

28
Q

So in general: CN VII?

A

muscles of facial expression, sensation in front of mouth, salivary glands, taste to front of tongue

29
Q

LMN damage to CN VII results in what?

A

sensory deficits; if just branchial motor branch, results in facial paralysis (bell’s palsy)

30
Q

Unilateral LMN damage to CN VII results in what?

A

loss of voluntary control of lower muscles of facial expression; voluntary control of muscles of the forehead will be spared due to bilateral innervation

31
Q

Bilateral LMN damage to CN VII results in what?

A

paralysis of all upper and lower facial muscles; pseudobulbar palsy; significant impairments in articulation, facial expression

32
Q

What are the two branches of CN VIII?

A

auditory, vesitbular

33
Q

What are the five branches of CN IX?

A

branchial motor, visceral motor, visceral sensory, general sensory, special sensory

34
Q

What does the branchial motor of IX do?

A

voluntary control of stylopharyngeus (elevates larynx and pharynx during swallowing and speech)

35
Q

What does the visceral motor branch of IX do?

A

innervates the ipsilateral parotid salivary gland.

36
Q

What does the visceral sensory branch of IX do?

A

baroreceptors of carotid sinus and chemoreceptors of the carotid body

37
Q

What does the General Sensory branch of IX do?

A

pain, temperature, and touch of external ear, surface of TM, walls up upper pharynx, and posterior on third of the tongue

38
Q

What does the Special sensory branch of IX do?

A

taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

39
Q

so in general: CN IX?

A

stylopharyngeus (elevates larynx and pharynx), salivary, sensation in a lot of places, including upper pharynx and back of tongue, taste on back of tongue

40
Q

LMN damage to CN IX

A

poor pharyngeal and laryngeal elevation during swallowing, loss of taste from back of tongue, absent gag reflex (possibly)

41
Q

What are the five branches of CN X?

A

branchial motor, visceral motor, visceral sensory, general sensory, special sensory

42
Q

What are the three major branches of the branchial motor branch of CN X?

A

pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, recurrent laryngeal

43
Q

What does the pharyngeal branch of CN X do?

A

motor innervation to constrictors, tensor veli palatini, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus, and palatoglossus

44
Q

What does the superior laryngeal branch of CN do?

A

exterior: motor for inferior constrictor and cricothyroid muscle;
interior: sensory for larynx

45
Q

What does the recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X do?

A

innervate all intrinsic laryngeal muscles except cricothyroid

46
Q

What does the visceral motor branch of CN X do?

A

innervate smooth muscle and glands of pharynx, larynx, thoracic and abdominal viscera… “rest and digest”

47
Q

Unilateral LMN damage to X results in what?

A

hoarseness (due to paralysis of one side of larynx), difficulty swallowing, soft palate droops on the affected side and the uvula droops on the opposite side

48
Q

Bilateral LMN damage to X results in what?

A

severe problems in voice, resonance, and swallowing.

49
Q

Unilateral UMN damage to X results in what?

A

harsh voice, less severe effects due to bilateral innervation

50
Q

What does XI do?

A

courses with X and provides some motor innervation to pharynx and larynx

51
Q

What does CN XII do?

A

motor to the tongue (except palatoglossus)

52
Q

unilateral LMN damage to XII does what?

A

ipsilateral lingual paralysis; tongue is flaccid and will atrophy; deviates to weak side

53
Q

bilateral LMN damage to XII does what?

A

significant impairment

54
Q

UMN damage to XII does what?

A

loss of skilled motor movements in tongue

Neuro (8 decks)

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