Module 3 - Neuronal functioning Flashcards
What are the classes of molecules?
lipids, proteins, carbs, NAs
What are the two types of proteins we need to know?
structural, globular
What are the parts of animal cells?
bilipid membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, cytosol, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cytoskeleton
What is the function of the mitochondria?
store energy
What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?
build larger molecules
What is the function of the golgi apparatus
move materials out of cells
what is the purpose of lysozomes?
recycle
What are the cations important to neural transmission?
K+, Ca2+, Na+
What is the anion important to neural transmission?
Cl-
Neural transmission requires us to know about:
electrochemical gradient, concentration gradient, selective permeability
What are the types of channels and gates?
ligand, mechanical, voltage, na/k**
How does a sodium/potassium pump work?
Opens one side at a time, first allowing three Na+ ions out and then two K+ ions in
What is the purpose of the Na/K pump?
allows cell to stay at resting potential; if pumps weren’t working, cell would go to equilibrium
na/k pump requires what?
constant supply of ATP
What is passive transport?
any molecule of the correct shape allowed through
what is active transport?
energy is expended to let molecules through
Globular proteins will only allow what in?
whatever molecule fits the shape… only certain ones
What are the three types of neurons?
Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar
What are the two types of multipolar neurons?
Golgi Type I – projection (may extend out of the CNS)
Golgi Type II – local circuit
What are the parts of a multipolar neuron?
soma (contains all organelles, maintains viability of cells), nissl substance, mitochondria, microtubules and filaments, dendrites
What is Nissl substance?
special protein in rough ER, important for membrane upkeep
Neurons have more of which organelle than other animal cells?
mitochondria (needs a constant supply of O2, ATP
What is the purpose of microtubules and filaments?
maintain structure; main cytoskeletal tracks for axonal transport
What are the two directions axonal transport can occur in?
anterograde (away from soma)
retrograde (toward soma)
What is the structure of a multipolar neuron?
One axon, several dendrites
What is the structure of a bipolar neuron?
one long dendrite, one long axon
What is the structure of a unipolar neuron?
One long axon
Where are bipolar neurons found/what is their function?
auditory, visual, vestibular, olfactory systems; sensory information
Where are unipolar neurons found/what is their function?
mostly found in PNS; sensory neurons (raw sensory signal)
What are the types of neuronal connections?
axodendritic, axoaxonic, en passant, dendrodendritic
What is the “normal” type of neuronal connection?
axodendritic
Which neuronal connection is involved in inhibitory action?
axosomatic
what is an en passant synapse?
secondary stimulus that happens along the length of the axon?
What is the resting potential of a cell?
-70 mV
What is depolarization?
making the environment in a cell more POSITIVE (less of a difference between cell and environment)
What is hyperpolarization?
making the environment in a cell more NEGATIVE (more of a difference between cell and environment
What is an action potential?
series of depolarizations along the length of the axon (at the nodes of ranvier
