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Neuro > Module 3 - Neuronal functioning > Flashcards

Module 3 - Neuronal functioning Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classes of molecules?

A

lipids, proteins, carbs, NAs

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2
Q

What are the two types of proteins we need to know?

A

structural, globular

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3
Q

What are the parts of animal cells?

A

bilipid membrane, nucleus, nucleolus, cytosol, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, cytoskeleton

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4
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria?

A

store energy

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5
Q

What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?

A

build larger molecules

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6
Q

What is the function of the golgi apparatus

A

move materials out of cells

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7
Q

what is the purpose of lysozomes?

A

recycle

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8
Q

What are the cations important to neural transmission?

A

K+, Ca2+, Na+

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9
Q

What is the anion important to neural transmission?

A

Cl-

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10
Q

Neural transmission requires us to know about:

A

electrochemical gradient, concentration gradient, selective permeability

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11
Q

What are the types of channels and gates?

A

ligand, mechanical, voltage, na/k**

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12
Q

How does a sodium/potassium pump work?

A

Opens one side at a time, first allowing three Na+ ions out and then two K+ ions in

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the Na/K pump?

A

allows cell to stay at resting potential; if pumps weren’t working, cell would go to equilibrium

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14
Q

na/k pump requires what?

A

constant supply of ATP

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15
Q

What is passive transport?

A

any molecule of the correct shape allowed through

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16
Q

what is active transport?

A

energy is expended to let molecules through

17
Q

Globular proteins will only allow what in?

A

whatever molecule fits the shape… only certain ones

18
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A

Multipolar, bipolar, unipolar

19
Q

What are the two types of multipolar neurons?

A

Golgi Type I – projection (may extend out of the CNS)

Golgi Type II – local circuit

20
Q

What are the parts of a multipolar neuron?

A

soma (contains all organelles, maintains viability of cells), nissl substance, mitochondria, microtubules and filaments, dendrites

21
Q

What is Nissl substance?

A

special protein in rough ER, important for membrane upkeep

22
Q

Neurons have more of which organelle than other animal cells?

A

mitochondria (needs a constant supply of O2, ATP

23
Q

What is the purpose of microtubules and filaments?

A

maintain structure; main cytoskeletal tracks for axonal transport

24
Q

What are the two directions axonal transport can occur in?

A

anterograde (away from soma)

retrograde (toward soma)

25
Q

What is the structure of a multipolar neuron?

A

One axon, several dendrites

26
Q

What is the structure of a bipolar neuron?

A

one long dendrite, one long axon

27
Q

What is the structure of a unipolar neuron?

A

One long axon

28
Q

Where are bipolar neurons found/what is their function?

A

auditory, visual, vestibular, olfactory systems; sensory information

29
Q

Where are unipolar neurons found/what is their function?

A

mostly found in PNS; sensory neurons (raw sensory signal)

30
Q

What are the types of neuronal connections?

A

axodendritic, axoaxonic, en passant, dendrodendritic

31
Q

What is the “normal” type of neuronal connection?

A

axodendritic

32
Q

Which neuronal connection is involved in inhibitory action?

A

axosomatic

33
Q

what is an en passant synapse?

A

secondary stimulus that happens along the length of the axon?

34
Q

What is the resting potential of a cell?

A

-70 mV

35
Q

What is depolarization?

A

making the environment in a cell more POSITIVE (less of a difference between cell and environment)

36
Q

What is hyperpolarization?

A

making the environment in a cell more NEGATIVE (more of a difference between cell and environment

37
Q

What is an action potential?

A

series of depolarizations along the length of the axon (at the nodes of ranvier

Neuro (8 decks)

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