Module 2 - Gross Anatomy Flashcards
Where does the brain develop from?
swellings at the anterior end of the neural canal of the embryo
What is the name of the primitive forebrain and which mature structures develop from it?
prosencephalon; telencephalon, diencephalon
What is the name of the primitive midbrain?
mesencephalon
What is the name of the primitive hindbrain, and which mature structures develop from it?
rhombencephalon; metencephalon (pons, cerebellum), myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)
What are the four gyri on the lateral surface of the frontal lobe?
precentral gyrus; superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri
What are the important features on the medial surface of the frontal lobe?
medial aspects of the precentral and superior frontal gyri
What are the important features on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe?
gyrus rectus, olfactory sulcus
What are the important parts of the frontal lobe?
primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus), premotor cortex, supplemental motor area, prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus
What is the premotor cortex for?
motor planning
What is the supplemental motor area?
gets information from other hemisphere, part of premotor cortex?
What is located in the inferior frontal gyrus?
broca’s area (pars opercularis, pars triangularis)
What are the important parts on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe?
post central gyrus, superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule
What are the important parts of the medial surface of the parietal lobe?
precuneus
What are the primary cortices?
motor, somatosensory, auditory, visual, olfactory
What are the association cortices?
frontal association cortex, parietal association cortex, temporal association cortex, parieto-occipital association cortex
What is different about our association cortices and other animals?
we have a lot more
What is agnosia?
association cortices are damaged – can’t identify sensory information
When you think of the limbic system, you should think:
CONNECTED
Parietal lobe deals mostly with what?
sensation
What is the post-central gyrus?
primary cortex; sensory strip
What is function of the super parietal lobule?
association cortex
What are the parts of the inferior parietal lobule, and what is their function?
angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus; reading and writing
what is the function of the cuneus?
lower vision field (but it’s higher in the brain)
What is the function of the lingual gyrus?
upper vision field (but it’s below the cuneus in the brain)
where are heschl’s gyri and what is their function?
on the superior surface of the temporal lobe (but kind of underneath a little bit?); primary auditory cortex
Where is wernicke’s area?
superior temporal gyrus
What are the functions of the insula?
gustatory and autonomic control
people with damage to the cingulate gyrus may have what type of aphasia?
global – but we’re not sure of language functioning
What is the function of the amygdala?
rage and aggression
What are the parts of the limbic system?
cingulate gyrus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus
what does the limbic system do?
the four essential f’s - fight, flight, food, fucking
What is the internal capsule?
links diencephalon and cerebrum
What are the thalamic nuclei involved with language?
pulvinar, ventrolateral nucleus, ventral anterior nucleus, lateral geniculate body, medial geniculate body
What is the function of the thalamus?
afferent input to cortex (except olfactory)
integration of sensory and motor information
regulates association areas in the cortex
What is the function of the epithalamus?
emotion (endocrine/limbic system)
what is the function of the subthalamus?
regulating motor movements, visuomotor coordination
what is the function of the hypothalamus?
control center for ANS (homeostatic control, rest and digest, hormones, emotion)
What are the major parts of the hypothalamus?
optic chiasm, maxillary bodies, pituitary gland, infundibulum, fornix
What does the hypothalamus do?
connects other parts of the limbic system together
What are the primary cortexes?
motor, somatosensory, auditory, visual, olfactory
What are the association cortexes?
frontal, parietal, temporal, parieto-occipital
what is agnosia?
when association cortexes are damaged
The pons is the bridge between what?
brainstem and the cerebellum
What does the cerebellum do?
coordinates motor function, involved in motor learning, intention and results
cerebellar lesions results in _____ symptoms?
ipsilateral
