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Neuro > Module 2 - Gross Anatomy > Flashcards

Module 2 - Gross Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the brain develop from?

A

swellings at the anterior end of the neural canal of the embryo

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2
Q

What is the name of the primitive forebrain and which mature structures develop from it?

A

prosencephalon; telencephalon, diencephalon

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3
Q

What is the name of the primitive midbrain?

A

mesencephalon

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4
Q

What is the name of the primitive hindbrain, and which mature structures develop from it?

A

rhombencephalon; metencephalon (pons, cerebellum), myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)

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5
Q

What are the four gyri on the lateral surface of the frontal lobe?

A

precentral gyrus; superior, middle and inferior frontal gyri

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6
Q

What are the important features on the medial surface of the frontal lobe?

A

medial aspects of the precentral and superior frontal gyri

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7
Q

What are the important features on the inferior surface of the frontal lobe?

A

gyrus rectus, olfactory sulcus

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8
Q

What are the important parts of the frontal lobe?

A

primary motor cortex (precentral gyrus), premotor cortex, supplemental motor area, prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus

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9
Q

What is the premotor cortex for?

A

motor planning

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10
Q

What is the supplemental motor area?

A

gets information from other hemisphere, part of premotor cortex?

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11
Q

What is located in the inferior frontal gyrus?

A

broca’s area (pars opercularis, pars triangularis)

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12
Q

What are the important parts on the lateral surface of the parietal lobe?

A

post central gyrus, superior parietal lobule, inferior parietal lobule

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13
Q

What are the important parts of the medial surface of the parietal lobe?

A

precuneus

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14
Q

What are the primary cortices?

A

motor, somatosensory, auditory, visual, olfactory

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15
Q

What are the association cortices?

A

frontal association cortex, parietal association cortex, temporal association cortex, parieto-occipital association cortex

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16
Q

What is different about our association cortices and other animals?

A

we have a lot more

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17
Q

What is agnosia?

A

association cortices are damaged – can’t identify sensory information

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18
Q

When you think of the limbic system, you should think:

A

CONNECTED

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19
Q

Parietal lobe deals mostly with what?

A

sensation

20
Q

What is the post-central gyrus?

A

primary cortex; sensory strip

21
Q

What is function of the super parietal lobule?

A

association cortex

22
Q

What are the parts of the inferior parietal lobule, and what is their function?

A

angular gyrus, supramarginal gyrus; reading and writing

23
Q

what is the function of the cuneus?

A

lower vision field (but it’s higher in the brain)

24
Q

What is the function of the lingual gyrus?

A

upper vision field (but it’s below the cuneus in the brain)

25
Q

where are heschl’s gyri and what is their function?

A

on the superior surface of the temporal lobe (but kind of underneath a little bit?); primary auditory cortex

26
Q

Where is wernicke’s area?

A

superior temporal gyrus

27
Q

What are the functions of the insula?

A

gustatory and autonomic control

28
Q

people with damage to the cingulate gyrus may have what type of aphasia?

A

global – but we’re not sure of language functioning

29
Q

What is the function of the amygdala?

A

rage and aggression

30
Q

What are the parts of the limbic system?

A

cingulate gyrus, amygdala, parahippocampal gyrus

31
Q

what does the limbic system do?

A

the four essential f’s - fight, flight, food, fucking

32
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

links diencephalon and cerebrum

33
Q

What are the thalamic nuclei involved with language?

A

pulvinar, ventrolateral nucleus, ventral anterior nucleus, lateral geniculate body, medial geniculate body

34
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

afferent input to cortex (except olfactory)
integration of sensory and motor information
regulates association areas in the cortex

35
Q

What is the function of the epithalamus?

A

emotion (endocrine/limbic system)

36
Q

what is the function of the subthalamus?

A

regulating motor movements, visuomotor coordination

37
Q

what is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

control center for ANS (homeostatic control, rest and digest, hormones, emotion)

38
Q

What are the major parts of the hypothalamus?

A

optic chiasm, maxillary bodies, pituitary gland, infundibulum, fornix

39
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

connects other parts of the limbic system together

40
Q

What are the primary cortexes?

A

motor, somatosensory, auditory, visual, olfactory

41
Q

What are the association cortexes?

A

frontal, parietal, temporal, parieto-occipital

42
Q

what is agnosia?

A

when association cortexes are damaged

43
Q

The pons is the bridge between what?

A

brainstem and the cerebellum

44
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

coordinates motor function, involved in motor learning, intention and results

45
Q

cerebellar lesions results in _____ symptoms?

A

ipsilateral

Neuro (8 decks)

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