module 4 classification Flashcards
classification
living organisms sorted into groups. these have similar features
ACRONYM
Dead King Philips Came Ovdomain kingdom, phlym, class, order, family genus, species.
why are organisms classifed
identify species.
predict characteristics
find evolutionary links.
how are organisms linked?
seperated to 3 domains. archea, bacteria, eurkarya.
end with species,
species
group of organisms able to produce fertile offspring.
naming organisms
names in different languages, lead to no information, so is now names like first words=genus, second word=specie. UNDERLINE!
prokaryote
unicellular
no nucleus
no membrane bound organelles
no feeding mechansisms-only produced by photosynthsis.
protoscia
mainly unicellular
nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
some have chloroplasts
some as sessile
some move by cillia, flagella.
photosynthsis.
fungi
multicelluar/unicellular
nucleus
chitin cell wall
no chloroplast
most have body
glycogen is must
plante
multicellular
nucleus and membrane bound organelles
chloroplasts
cell wall=celluose
gamate, move by cillia
photosynthsis
starch.
animal
multicellular
nucleus and other membranes
no chloroplasts
cillia and flagella
nutrients
glycogen stored.
phlogenetic trees
diagrams representing evlontiary relationships.
are branched diagrams, shows species-evolution.
advantages of phylogenetic classification
continous trees, whereas classification needs discrete.
classification can be misleading, different group with rankse
evidence of evolution
darwin realised organisms suited to environment survival.
theory of organism evolving.
developing evolution
many people believed bible, where Darwin carried experiments in islands, bird was similar in many ways, claws beaks were different shaped.
evidence of evolution
Palaeontology
comparative anatomy/chemistry
Palaeontology
fossils formed over long times, so sediment is desposisted, making sequence of youngest to oldest. NOT COMPLETE
comparative anatomy
homologus structure, structure different, but same things usage, like pentadactyl limb. EVIDENCE of divergent evolution
divergent evolution
different species have evolved, with different adaptive features.
comparative biochemistry
study in similar and difference in proteins and other molecules.
slight changes=help links for evolution.
neutral evolution=change dosent affect function.
molecule sequences are compared, and no of differences are plotted against rate, so can estimate with share ancestor.
interspecific variation
number of different species
causes of variation
genetically
environmentally
genetically changes?
allele, genes having different alleles, so different effects.
mutations leading to changes in DNA sequences
adapations
anatominal, behavioral, physological
anatominal
body covering, camoflauge, teeth, mimicary
behavioral
act dead.
courtship
seasonal
physological
production of poison/antibotics.
analogus structures
adapted to perform same structure but different alleles
covelgent evolution
unrelated species begin to have similar traits, evolve to adapt to similar environments.
natural selection
1)organisms show variation due to genetic (alleles, mutation).
2)organisms adapted to selection pressure, so more survival, more reproduction, and survival of the fittest.
3)pass to offspring
4)reperated, more gene pool
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