Module 4-Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
Cytology
The study of cells
Plasma membrane
The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and the cell’s surroundings
Prokaryotic cell
A cell that has no nucleus or other distinct, membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic cells
A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and other distinct, membrane-bound organelles
Cell wall
A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells
Fluid mosaic model
A model proposing that the plasma membrane is composed of a mosaic of components (mainly phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol) that are free to move fluidly within the plane of the membrane
Hypotonic solution
A solution that has a low solute concentration (and so a high water concentration) relative to another solution
Hypertonic solution
A solution that has a high solute concentration (and so a low water concentration) relative to another solution
Isotonic solution
A solution that has the same solute concentration (and water concentration) relative to another solution
Cytolysis
The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure
Plasmolysis
Collapse of a walled cell’s cytoplasm due to a lack of water
Passive transport
Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane without the need for energy input
Active transport
Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane aided by a process that requires energy input
Endocytosis
The process of moving particles into the cell by means of vesicles forming from the cell membrane
Exocytosis
The process by moving particles out of the cell by means of vesicle membranes fusing with the cell membrane