Module 4-Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

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1
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells

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2
Q

Plasma membrane

A

The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and the cell’s surroundings

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3
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

A cell that has no nucleus or other distinct, membrane-bound organelles

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4
Q

Eukaryotic cells

A

A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and other distinct, membrane-bound organelles

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5
Q

Cell wall

A

A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells

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6
Q

Fluid mosaic model

A

A model proposing that the plasma membrane is composed of a mosaic of components (mainly phospholipids, proteins, and cholesterol) that are free to move fluidly within the plane of the membrane

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7
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

A solution that has a low solute concentration (and so a high water concentration) relative to another solution

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8
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

A solution that has a high solute concentration (and so a low water concentration) relative to another solution

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9
Q

Isotonic solution

A

A solution that has the same solute concentration (and water concentration) relative to another solution

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10
Q

Cytolysis

A

The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure

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11
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Collapse of a walled cell’s cytoplasm due to a lack of water

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12
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane without the need for energy input

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13
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane aided by a process that requires energy input

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14
Q

Endocytosis

A

The process of moving particles into the cell by means of vesicles forming from the cell membrane

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15
Q

Exocytosis

A

The process by moving particles out of the cell by means of vesicle membranes fusing with the cell membrane

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16
Q

Synthesis

A

The ability to combine simple compounds into complex molecules

17
Q

Respiration

A

The ability to release energy from the breakdown of food molecules

18
Q

Excretion

A

The ability to remove soluble metabolic waste from the cell

19
Q

Secretion

A

The ability to release biosynthesized substances

20
Q

Homeostasis

A

The ability to maintain internal stability

21
Q

Reproduction

A

The ability to produce more cells

22
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The endocytic process by which a cell engulfs large, solid particles or cells

23
Q

Pinocytosis

A

The endocytic process by which a cell absorbs extracellular fluid containing dissolved particles