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Biology > Module 2-The Chemistry of Life > Flashcards

Module 2-The Chemistry of Life Flashcards

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1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume)

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2
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons in an atom–unique to each type of atom

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3
Q

Elements

A

A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons

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4
Q

Periodic table

A

A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number

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5
Q

Istopes

A

One of several forms of an element, each containing the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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6
Q

Atomic mass

A

The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom

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7
Q

Molecule

A

Chemical that results when two or more atoms join together chemically

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8
Q

Compound

A

A molecule that contains atoms of at least two different elements

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9
Q

Ionic bond

A

A chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

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10
Q

Ion

A

Positively or negatively charged atom (or group of atoms) resulting from the transfer of electrons

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11
Q

Covalent bond

A

Chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms

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12
Q

Polar compound

A

A molecule in which there is an unequal distribution of the negatively charged electrons causing a partial positive charge at one end and a partial negative charge at the other

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13
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

A weak electrical attraction between a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative atom of another molecule (usually oxygen or nitrogen)

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14
Q

Solvent

A

Any substance in which other substances are dissolved

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15
Q

Solute

A

A dissolved substance

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16
Q

Solution

A

A mixture of solutes dissolved in a solvent

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17
Q

Aqueous solution

A

A solution in which water is the solvent

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18
Q

Cohesion

A

An attractive force that holds molecules of the same substance together

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19
Q

Adhesion

A

An attractive force that holds molecules of different substances together

20
Q

Heat capacity

A

The amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature

21
Q

Organic molecule

A

Molecule found in living organisms that contain carbon in rings or long chains, attached to other atoms like hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus

22
Q

Biosynthesis

A

The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones

23
Q

Isomers

A

Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula

24
Q

Monosaccharides

A

Simple sugars; they are the building blocks or more complex carbohydrates

25
Q

Disaccharides

A

Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides

26
Q

Polysaccharides

A

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

27
Q

Dehydration reaction

A

A chemical reaction in which molecules combine by removing water

28
Q

Starch

A

A polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules stored in plants

29
Q

Glycogen

A

A polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules stored in animals

30
Q

Cellulose

A

A polysaccharide consisting of many glucose molecules found in the cell walls of plants

31
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

32
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Lacking any affinity to water, from the Latin meaning “water-fearing”

33
Q

Saturated fat

A

A lipid made from fatty acids that have no double bonds between carbon atoms

34
Q

Unsaturated fat

A

A lipid made from fatty acids that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms

35
Q

Steroid

A

Lipid molecule with four fused carbon rings

36
Q

Amino acids

A

The basic building blocks of proteins each containing a carboxyl group and an amino group

37
Q

Hydrophilic

A

Attracts water molecules

38
Q

Peptide bond

A

A covalent bond that links amino acids

39
Q

Polypedtide

A

Many amino acids bonded together forming part of a protein or the whole protein

40
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that alters the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process

41
Q

Activation energy

A

The energy needed to get reactions started

42
Q

Active site

A

Area of an enzyme to which a specific substance fits

43
Q

Substance

A

A specific reactant acted on by an enzyme

44
Q

Denaturation

A

The process by which the normal shape of a protein is lost, usually due to heat

45
Q

Nucleotides

A

The building blocks of DNA and RNA

Biology (8 decks)

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