Exam #3 Flashcards
Interphase
The time interval between cellular reproductions
Karyotype
The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous pairs
Diploid cell
A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs or two sets of chromosomes
Gametes
Haploid cells (n) produced by diploid cells (2n) for the purpose of sexual reproduction
Dominant allele
An allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype
Recessive allele
An allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele
Genotype
Two-letter set that represents the alleles an organism possesses for a certain trait
Phenotype
The observable expression of an organism’s genes
Monohybrid cross
A cross between two individuals, concentrating on only one definable trait
Dihybrid cross
A cross between two individuals, concentrating on two definable traits
Incomplete dominance
Inheritance pattern in which heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the phenotypes of the homozygotes
Restriction enzyme
An enzyme that recognizes and cuts DNA only at a specific sequence of nucleotides
Genetically modified organism
An organism that has been genetically altered by humans