Exam #2

Question 1

Secretion

Answer 1

The ability to release biosynthesized substances

Question 2

Excretion

Answer 2

The ability to remove soluble metabolic waste from the cell

Question 3

Organelle

Answer 3

A tiny cellular structure that carries out a specific function necessary for the cell to survive

Question 4

Plasma membrane

Answer 4

The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and the cell’s surroundings

Question 5

Eukaryotic cell

Answer 5

A cell with a membrane-bound nucleus and other distinct, membrane-bound organelles

Question 6

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 6

A cell that has no nucleus or other distinct, membrane-bound organelles

Question 7

Ribosomes

Answer 7

Non-membrane bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis

Question 8

Cytoplasm

Answer 8

A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

Question 9

Rough ER

Answer 9

ER that is dotted with ribosomes

Question 10

Smooth ER

Answer 10

ER that has no ribosomes

Question 11

Lysosome

Answer 11

The organelle in animal cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, carbohydrates (polysaccharides, disaccharides), and some lipids

Question 12

Mitochondria

Answer 12

Double-membrane-bound organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy

Question 13

Isotonic solution

Answer 13

A solution that has the same solute concentration (and water concentration) relative to another solution

Question 14

Phagocytosis

Answer 14

The endocytic process by which a cell engulfs large, solid particles or cells

Question 15

Chlorophyll

Answer 15

A group of pigments (mostly composed of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b) found in algae, green plants, and cyanobacteria. It is necessary for photosynthesis, allowing for the absorption of energy from light

Question 16

Stroma

Answer 16

Gel-like fluid found inside the inner membrane of a chloroplast

Question 17

Thylakoid

Answer 17

Disk-shaped sac suspended in the stroma of chloroplasts. It is the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis

Question 18

Aerobic

Answer 18

Requiring oxygen

Question 19

Anaerobic

Answer 19

Without oxygen

Question 20

Glycolysis

Answer 20

The first stage of cellular respiration where glucose is split in half. Gly- means having to do with sugar, and -lysis means breakdown

Question 21

Krebs cycle

Answer 21

The stage of cellular respiration where carbon dioxide is used to complete the breakdown of pyruvic acid molecules, releasing energy

Question 22

Fermentation

Answer 22

A cellular process producing ATP without oxygen