Module 4: Blood Disorders

Question 1

Anemia

Answer 1

Decrease in oxygen carrying capacity of blood

Question 2

Pernicious anemia

Answer 2

Decrease in red blood cells due to vitamin B12 deficiency

Question 3

Microcytic-hypochromic

Answer 3

Used to describe red blood cells as smaller than normal, and less pigmented than normal (due to less hemoglobin)

Question 4

Iron deficiency

Answer 4

Decrease in healthy red blood cells due to lack of iron (because hemoglobin relies heavily on iron availability)

Question 5

Normocytic-normochromic

Answer 5

Used to describe red blood cells as normal in size and normal in pigmentation (normal amount of hemoglobin)

Question 6

Polycythemia

Answer 6

Excessive erythrocytes

Question 7

Neutrophilia

Answer 7

Increase amounts of neutrophil granulocytes in blood as an early response to infection

Question 8

Neutropenia

Answer 8

Lower number of neutrophils in the blood caused by prolonged severe inflammation. Production of granulocytes not meeting demand

Question 9

Agranulocytosis

Answer 9

Extremely low counts of granulocytes. Can be caused by chemo

Question 10

Lymphocytosis

Answer 10

Increased amount of lymphocytes in blood, typically caused by viral infection

Question 11

Lymphocytopenia

Answer 11

Less lymphocytes in blood caused by immune deficiencies, neoplasia, drugs

Question 12

Infectious mononucleosis

Answer 12

Acute inflammation of B lymphocytes caused by Epstein-Barr virus

Question 13

Panycytopenia

Answer 13

Reduction of all formed element components of the blood (RBCs WBCs platelets)

Question 14

Acute leukaemia

Answer 14

Rapid growth of VERY IMMATURE blood cells (ineffective cells that take up too much space, can be fatal!!)

Question 15

Chronic leukaemia

Answer 15

Slow growth of mature (differentiated) blood cells which don’t function normally

Question 16

Thrombocytopenia

Answer 16

Too few platelets (decreased production or increased consumption)

Question 17

Petechiae

Answer 17

Tiny red/brown/purple spot on skin less than 3mm caused by small vessels bleeding internally

Question 18

Purpura

Answer 18

Red spots on skin larger than 5mm caused by small vessels bleeding internally

Question 19

Thrombocythemia

Answer 19

Too many platelets

Question 20

DIC

Answer 20

Disseminated intravascular coagulation - syndrome characterized by widespread activation of coagulation resulting in fibrin clots in small and medium sized vessels in body (supposed to work in specific limited areas)