Module 4: Animal and Plant pathogens Flashcards
What is a pathogen?
What does a vector do?
an organism that causes disease
carries pathogens from one organism to another
Name the 4 different types of pathogens
bacteria
virus
fungi
protoctista
What are the two ways that pathogens cause damage/disease?
-by damaging the host tissues directly
-by producing toxins which damage host tissues
Which pathogen is the main pathogen that causes disease through producing toxins?
Can fungi also do this?
bacteria
yes , some can but not all
Are all bacteria pathogenic?
Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Name the 2 ways that bacteria are normally classified?
no , the majority of bacteria don’t cause disease
they are prokaryotic , they don’t contain a nucleus or membrane bound organelles
through their basic shape and cell wall
After gram staining , what colour do gram positive and gram negative bacteria appear under a microscope?
In bacteria , which structure affects the way they respond to antibiotics?
+ blue/purple
- red
their membrane
Are viruses living or non living infectious agents?
Describe the structure of a virus
How do viruses infect cells?
Can viruses affect all types of organisms?
they are non living
its a short section of RNA surrounded by a protein
they insert their own RNA into the DNA of host cells , then the host cell will begin to produce more viruses
yes
Are protista an example of eukaryotic or prokaryotic cells?
Are they mainly unicellular or multicellular?
What do protista often require in order to spread disease?
eukaryotic
they can be either
a vector
Do fungi mainly affect humans or plants?
Are they eukaryotic or prokaryotic , then are they uni or multicellular?
Many fungi are saprophytes , what does this mean?
plants
they are eukaryotic and can be unicellular or multicellular
saprophytes=they feed off of dead and decaying matter
How do fungi affect the plants that they invade?
Name an adaptation of fungi that allow them to spread more rapidly
they affect the leaves which prevents the plants being able to photosynthesise
they produce millions of spores that can spread long distances
Describe how viruses cause damage to tissue
4 points
-they take over the cell metabolism of the host cell
-the virus genetic material is inserted into the host cell DNA so the host cell then makes more viruses which can burst out the cell and infect other cells , bursting the cell in the process
Describe how protista cause damage to tissues
3 points
-they take over the cell and digest the contents
-they use the contents as a medium for reproduction and then burst out the cell
How do fungi cause damage to tissues
they digest and destroy the living cells
Describe how pathogenic bacteria damage cells by producing toxins
make 3 points
the toxins they produce act as poison
-this toxin damages the cell by breaking down the plasma membrane or inactivating enzymes
