Module 4: Animal and Plant diseases Flashcards
State the 4 plant diseases named in the specification
( R , T , P , B)
-ring rot
-tobacco mosaic virus
-potato blight
-black sigatoka
What kind of disease is ring rot?
Give three examples of plants that it affects?
Which three parts of these plants does it cause damage to?
Is there a cure?
a bacterial disease
potatoes , tomatoes and aubergeines
the leaves/tubers/fruits , it can destroy up to 80% of the plant
no
What kind of disease is TMV?
What parts of the tobacco plant/other species does it affect
What 2 other affects does it have on the plant?
Is there a cure?
it is a virus
it damages the leaves , flowers and fruits as well as stunting growth and reducing the yield of the crop
no
What causes potato blight?
How does it affect the plant and which areas specifically does it affect?
Name 2 methods that can help to reduce the risk of infection
a fungi-like protista
the hyphae penetrate host cells , destroying the leaves , tubers and fruits
careful management of crops and chemical treatments
What kind of pathogen causes black sigatoka?
What specific type of plant does this affect?
How does it cause damage to the plant?
How much of a reduction in yield of the crop does black sigatoka cause?
What treatment can be used to control the spread?
a fungus
banana plants
the hyphae penetrate and digest the cells , destroying the leaves and turning them black
a 50% reduction
a fungicide treatment
Name the 5 animal diseases named in the specification
(T , H , I , M , A)
-Tuberculosis
-HIV/AIDS
-Influenza
-Malaria
-Athletes foot
What kind of disease is TB?
What animals does it affect?
What does it do to the body(2)
In humans , how is it cured and prevented(2)?
-its a bacterial disease
-affects humans/cows/pigs etc
-it damages and destroys lung tissue as well as suppressing the immune system
-cured by antibiotics
-preventable through vaccination and improved living standards
What is HIV?
What does it ultimately cause?
What does HIV do?
Is the genetic material of HIV made up of DNA or RNA?
What enzyme does it contain , what does this enzyme do and consequently what does this allow HIV to do?
How is HIV spread between organisms?
State whether there is a cure or vaccine for HIV
its a retrovirus
AIDS
it targets T helper cells in the immune system , gradually destroying the immune system
-genetic material is RNA
-contains the enzyme REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE , it transcribes the RNA into a single strand of DNA in host cells that can then interact with the host cells DNA
through bodily fluids
there isn’t , but antiretroviral drugs slow progress of the disease
What type of infection is influenza an what is it an infection of?
What does influenza do to these cells?
What animals does it affect?
It can be fatal , which 3 types of people is this most likely for?
a viral infection of the ciliated epithelial cells of the gas exchange system
it kills them , leaving the airways open to secondary infection
humans/pigs/birds
the elderly , young children and the chronically ill
How many strains of influenza are there , name these strains…
Which strain is the most virulent?
Do influenza viruses mutate regularly or rarely?
3
Strain A , B and C
Strain A is the most virulent
they mutate regularly but are often small changes
What is malaria caused by?
How is malaria spread?
What does malaria do ?
Malaria is a RECURRENT DISEASE , what does this do to those who are infected?
Is there a vaccine?
How can we control the spread of malaria?(2)
a protista
spread through the bites of female mosquitos
it invades red blood cells , the liver and the brain
it makes the infected person weak and vulnerable to other infections
no
by using insecticides or removing the standing water where the mosquitos breed
What kind of disease is atheletes foot?
What animals does it affect?
What does it do?
What does this cause
What is an effective cure?
its a fungal disease
only affects humans
it grows on and digests the warm moist skin between the toes
-causes cracking and scaling which can be sore or itchy
antifungal creams
