MODULE 4: Accident and Road crash Analysis Flashcards
One measure of accident rate is per 100,000 population.
Accident per Population
Another measure of accident rate is per 10,000 registered vehicles.
Accident per Registered Vehicles
Property damage-only accidents involve vehicles colliding with publicity or privately owned structures, equipment, and facilities located by the road. It also includes collision of vehicles with other vehicles without causing physical injury to the driver, passenger, or any pedestrian
Accident
the total entering traffic volume usually in AADT is considered. The factor of 1,000,000 is applied for convenience to obtain values of Ai within two to three digits.
Accident Rate for Intersections
Sections-For segments oh highways 1-2 km in length, accident rates are computed based on total vehicle-kilometers of travel. the factor of 100 million is applied for convenience.
Accidents Rates for Road Sections
It is very alarming that most traffic accidents occurred during night time. There may be other contributing factors, but the major ones could be (a) inadequacy of street lightning, (b) lack of warning devices, and (c)0 complete disregard of traffic signals during late night or early morning. Driver factor again plays a big part, e.g., falling asleep, practice of using blinding head lights, drunkenness occurring more at night due to parties, reduced visibility due to smoke-belchers, and even occurrence of night blindness among malnourished drivers.
Accidents by Time of Day
3 methods in identifying blackspots or hazardous locations:
- Classic Statistical Method
- Rate Quality Control Method
- Setting Benchmark Method
The method assumes that the number of accidents at locations of interest follows a standard normal probability distribution.
Classic Statistical Method
This is a variation of the classic statistical method. Instead of a normal distribution, the method assumes that the number of accidents at a set of locations follows a Poisson distribution. Also, the method applies only to rates and not to frequencies. It compares the rate of a particular location to the mean rate at similar locations rather than at all locations.
Rate Quality Control Method
requires arranging all accidents involving casualties from highest to lowest as shown. When a certain benchmark is set, say five times of the average number of accidents, then the places of locations with more accidents than this benchmark will be considered as blackspots. Perhaps using this method is more suitable for the country, especially when budget allocation for improving hazardous locations is very limited.
Setting Benchmark Method
An unexpected/undesired event that may result to the following:
Injury
Property Damage
Death
ACCIDENT
Also referred to as motor vehicle collision, road accident or traffic collision
TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
Traffic Death
UN definition:
Death that occurs within thirty (30) days of the event
Philippine Definition:
Death “at scene”
ROAD ACCIDENT
Serious or Slight (Minor)
Based on the extent of injury sustained and length of time of recovery
INJURY
Involve vehicles colliding with publicly/ privately owned structures
Vehicle to vehicle collision with no physical injuries to driver, passenger or other road users
PROPERTY DAMAGE (only)
According to WHO (as of 2021), Approximately ________ people die each year as a result of road traffic crashes.
1.3 million
_% of GDP of most countries are road traffic crash cost
3
More than half of all road traffic deaths are among vulnerable road users:
pedestrians,
cyclists, and
motorcyclists
__% of the world’s fatalities on the roads occur in low- and middle-income countries
93
Road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for children and young adults aged
5-29 years
__% of all road traffic deaths occur among young males under the age of 25 years who are almost 3 times as likely to be killed in a road traffic crash as young females
73
RISK FACTORS:
Speeding
Driving under the influence
Nonuse of motorcycle helmets, seatbelts, child restraints
Distracted driving
Inadequate post crash care
Inadequate enforcement of traffic laws
Unsafe vehicles
Unsafe road infrastructure
Causes of Road Accident
Driver’s Error
Mechanical Error
Over Speeding
DUI
Damaged Roads
Others
Speeding:
__% increase in mean speed increase fatal crash by 4% and serious crash injuries by 3%
1
– 42% fatal injuries reduced;
- 69% head injuries reduced
Motorcycle helmet
Reduce 45 – 50% death for front seat occupants
25 % reduction fatal and serious injuries to rear seat occupants
Seatbelt use
- 60% reduction in child death
Child restraints