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Highway and Railroad Engineering > MODULE 1 UNIT 2: Design Requirements > Flashcards

MODULE 1 UNIT 2: Design Requirements Flashcards

1
Q

DESIGN CONTROLS

A

Vehicles, Traffic, Road users

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2
Q

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR HIGHWAYS

A
  1. DESIGN SPEED
  2. SIGHT DISTANCES
  3. MINIMUM RADIUS OF CURVATURE
  4. SUPERELEVATION
  5. DESIGN VOLUME
  6. NUMBER OF LANES
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3
Q
  • the maximum safe speed that can be maintained over a specified section of a highway, given that the conditions are favorable
    – the basis of all other elements of the highway
    – designs speeds are designated for different types of roadways
A

DESIGN SPEED

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4
Q

true or false:
Design speeds must be maintained for the entirety of the highway

A

true

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5
Q

true or false:
if terrain condition or some obstructions would not allow this, the design speed may be reduced by 10 – 20 kph at adjacent sections**

A

true

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6
Q

The length of the road that is highly visible to the driver even from a distance ahead

A

SIGHT DISTANCE

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7
Q

– The actual distance observed along the road surface which is visible from a specified height above the carriage way
– This distance lets the driver see all stationary and moving objects in front of the vehicle

A

SIGHT DISTANCE AT A POINT

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8
Q

5 TYPES OF SIGHT DISTANCES

A

Stopping Sight Distance (SSD)
Passing Sight Distance (PSD)
Intermediate Sight Distance (ISD)
Head Light Sight Distance
Sight Distance @ intersections

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9
Q

Minimum safe distance required to stop to avoid collision

A

Stopping Sight Distance (SSD)

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10
Q

Minimum safe distance required to safely pull out of a traffic lane and pass a vehicle in the same direction

A

Passing Sight Distance (PSD)

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11
Q

twice the value of the SSD

A

Intermediate Sight Distance (ISD)

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12
Q

the distance available for the driver during night travel

A

Head Light Sight Distance

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13
Q

distance available to enter an intersection

A

Sight Distance @ intersections

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14
Q

Also known as Absolute Minimum Sight Distance

A

STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE (SSD)

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15
Q
  • The minimum distance open to the vision of the driver intended to stop the vehicle to avoid collision with an obstruction on the carriage way
  • minimum value normally computed for wet pavement condition
  • Affected by the driver’s reaction time
A

STOPPING SIGHT DISTANCE (SSD)

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16
Q
  • the distance travelled by vehicle during total reaction time of driver
  • lag distance
A

L1

17
Q
  • the distance travelled by the vehicle after the application of brakes
  • braking distance
A

L2

18
Q

coefficient of longitudinal friction

A

f

19
Q

range of f

A

0.29 to 0.40

20
Q

AASHTO:
Reaction time: ___

A

2.5 seconds

21
Q

AASHTO:
Perception time: _____

A

1.5 seconds

22
Q

Velocity Equation:

A

Speed = Distance / time

23
Q

formula of Reaction time, t

A

tp + tb

24
Q

perception time

A

tp

25
Q

brake time

A

tb

26
Q
  • also known as overtaking sight distance (OSD)
  • the minimum distance open to sight of driver intending to overtake a vehicle safely without causing collision with the opposite vehicle
A

PASSING SIGHT DISTANCE

27
Q

at curves, this length must be visibly free of obstructions in order to permit a moving vehicle at design speed to pass a slower moving vehicle

A

PASSING SIGHT DISTANCE

28
Q

Factors affecting Overtaking Sight Distance

A
  1. Speed of overtaking vehicle (V, m/s)
  2. Speed of overtaken vehicle (Vb, m/s)
  3. Speed of opposite vehicle (Vo, m/s)
  4. Reaction time of overtaking vehicle driver
  5. Spacing between the vehicles (S)
  6. Acceleration of overtaking vehicle (m/s2)
  7. Gradient of the road
29
Q

for 2-lane highways, it is the shortest distance required for a vehicle to safely maneuver out of the traffic lane, overtake and return to its lane without interfering the passed vehicle or the opposing lane

A

PASSING SIGHT DISTANCE

30
Q

distance moved during reaction time and initial acceleration just before changing lanes

A

d1

31
Q

distance traveled during overtaking (at the left/opposite lane)

A

d2

32
Q

distance between the passing vehicle at the end of maneuvre and the opposing vehicle

A

d3

33
Q

distance traversed by an opposing vehicle for two-thirds of the time the passing vehicle occupies the left lane

A

d4

Highway and Railroad Engineering (10 decks)

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