MODULE 1 UNIT 1: Introduction Flashcards
Movement of people and/or goods from one place to another
TRANSPORTATION
affects economic activity through
PRODUCTION and DISTRIBUTION
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
an efficient transportation reduces costs
in many economic sectors
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
SECTIONALISM
CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION
SAFETY, LAW & ORDER
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
reduced when transportation is improved
SECTIONALISM
improved network brings prosperity (employment and enhanced economy)
CONCENTRATION OF POPULATION
essential for emergencies, connects isolated areas
SAFETY, LAW & ORDER
contribute to wider cultural diversity
CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
facilitates movement of raw material and other requirement from the place of supply to the place of production
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
Interrelated with economic growth
INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT
Various conveyances of moving people, goods or information
MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
MODES OF TRANSPORTATION
LAND
WATER
AIR
*space
Two (2) components of Land Transport
HIGHWAY TRANSPORTATION
RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION
Run on flat surfaces
Under the DPWH
HIGHWAY TRANSPORATION
Run on rails placed on tracks
Under DOTR
RAILWAY TRANSPORTATION
Networks divided into:
National Highway Network
National Expressway Network
Services provided in railroad transportation:
LRT, MRT, and PNR
Subset of transportation engineering
HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
Involves planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of roads, bridges and tunnels
HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
A multi-engineering discipline
RAILROAD ENGINEERING
Involves planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance of all types of rail transport systems
RAILROAD ENGINEERING
ensure safe and effective transportation
HIGHWAY ENGINEERING and RAILROAD
ENGINEERING
FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS OF HIGHWAY
ARTERIALS
COLLECTORS
LOCAL STREETS
Different types of roadways classified by service provided
Relates to MOBILITY and ACCESS provided
HIGHWAY FUNCTIONS
traffic flow is minimized
MOBILITY
frequent access points
*affects SAFETY and OPERATION
ACCESS
Based on traffic volume
MOVEMENT HEIRARCHY:
- Offer highest level if mobility
- emphasis on high-speed uninterrupted flow
- deliver traffic from collector roads to freeways
ARTERIALS
carry significant portion of traffic volumes
FREEWAYS
types of arterials:
Principal Arterials: for main movement
Minor arterials: distributor
- Blends mobility and access
- wide but not more than arterials, allow a relatively higher speed limit, but usually have low flow rate
- collect (and distributes) traffic from all other streets and discharge them onto other collectors or arterials
COLLECTORS
- Provide connectivity to business, residence and other land use
- Provide access by minimizing speeds
LOCAL STREETS
TYPES OF INTERSECTION
Signalized Intersections
Unsignalized Intersections
Alternative Intersections
- Nodes in transportation network
- Point at which two roads meet to form an at- grade
junction
INTERSECTIONS
governs rule for traffic streams from intersecting
TRAFFIC CONTROL TYPE
- Controlled by yield or stop signs
- Often represents relatively low volume junctions
UNSIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
used to control two-way controlled stop (TWCS) intersections
STOP SIGNS
commonly used at MODERN ROUNDABOUTS
YIELD CONTROL
Eliminate potential high speed angle and T bone crashes
MODERN ROUNDABOUTS
impressive safety record & low rate of serious injury and fatal crashes
ROUNDABOUT
- For elevated traffic volumes
- Uses traffic signals to control interaction and
order of movement
SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS
- Special category
- Aka UNCONVENTIONAL or INNOVATIVE
- Aim to enhance safety and operations without extensive construction or ROW cost
ALTERNATIVE INTERSECTIONS
Types of ALTERNATIVE INTERSECTIONS:
Restricted Crossing U-Turn
Median U-Turn
Displaced Left-Turn
Quadrant Roadway
AASHTO means
American Association of State Highways and Transportation Officials
Standards setting body that publishes specifications, test protocols and guidelines used in highway engineering practice
AASHTO
Strip of land that have been cleared and improved for transportation
ROADS & HIGHWAYS
a wide way leading from one place to another, with a specially prepared surface (paved) which vehicles can use
ROAD
a main road, especially one connecting major towns or cities.
HIGHWAY
a high-speed divided (arterial) highway for through traffic with access partially or fully controlled
EXPRESSWAY
- an expressway with fully controlled access
- a highway without toll fees
FREEWAY
Allows traffic to safely travel at fast speeds
CONTROL OF ACCESS
Roadways is accessed via entrance/ exit ramps which allow traffic to enter/ exit main lanes of roadway at (nearly) full speed
FULL CONTROL OF ACCESS
- Prohibited or limited direct access to and from adjacent private properties
- At-grade intersections with cross-roads may occur
PARTIAL CONTROL OF ACCESS
Total volume of vehicle traffic of a highway (road)
ADT - Average Daily Traffic
An average 24 –hr volume in one direction of travel only
DIRECTIONAL OR ONE WAY ADT
ADT experienced by a highway at present
CURRENT TRAFFIC
ADT that a highway will use in the future
FUTURE TRAFFIC
