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Noorda FOM > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are totipotent stem cells

A

Stem cells present from fertilization until 4 cell stage

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2
Q

What are pluripotent stem cells

A

AKA embryonic stem cells
Can differentiate all endo, meso, and ectoderm cells

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3
Q

What are multipotent stem cells

A

AKA adult stem cells
Can differentiate to a small number of cell types

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4
Q

What are unipotent stem cells

A

Terminally differentiating stem cells

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5
Q

Which stem cells can revert back progression

A

Multipotent to pluripotent like stem cells given the correct stimuli

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6
Q

What stimuli are needed to make adult stem cells like embryonic

A

KLF
MYC
OCT4
SOX

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7
Q

“GO” factors for the cell cylce

A

Cyclins
Cyclin dependent kinases
Polo like kinases

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8
Q

“STOP” factors for cell cycle

A

TSG’s
RB
p53
CDK inhibitors

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9
Q

Cyclin - CDK - G1 active phase

A

Cyclin D (D1, D2, D3) - CDK4/CDK6

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10
Q

Cyclin - CDK - G1/S active phase

A

Cyclin E - CDK2

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11
Q

Cyclin - CDK - S active phase

A

Cyclin A - CDK2/CDK1

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12
Q

Cyclin - CDK - G2, M active phase

A

Cyclin B/A - CDK1

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13
Q

What are the ways virus’s can cause cancer

A

Insertion of oncogene into DNA (Acutely Transforming Retrovirus)
Insertion of promoter that upregulates hallmarks leading to cancer (Slowly Transforming Retrovirus)

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14
Q

What virus causes Burkitt’s or Hodgkin’s lymphomas

A

Epstein-Barr (EBV)

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15
Q

What virus causes cervical cancer

A

Human Papilloma 16 (HPV)

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16
Q

What virus causes Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin’s and Hodgkin’s lymphomas, and cervical cancers

A

Human Immunodeficiency (HIV)

17
Q

What virus’s cause hepatocellular carcinoma

A

Hepatitis B (HBV)
Hepatitis C (HCV)

18
Q

What virus causes T-cell leukemia/lymphoma

A

Human T-cell Leukemia Type 1 (HTLV1)

19
Q

Angiogenesis activators

A

Angiotropin
Ephrin
Fibroblast Growth Factor
MMP’s
PDGF
VEGF
HIF-1
Erythropoietin

20
Q

Angiogenesis inhibitor

A

Thrombospondins

Noorda FOM (18 decks)

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