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Psychology 105 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Phrenology

A

Studying bumps on the skull, invented by Franz Gall

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2
Q

Biological Psychologists

A

Use the biology of the mind combined with the psychological aspects

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3
Q

What is neuroplasticity

A

The changes that occur to the mind due to life

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4
Q

What are neurons

A

Nerve cells

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5
Q

What do dendrite fibers do?

A

Receive and integrate information

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6
Q

What do axon fibers do?

A

Passes messages through its terminal branch to other neurons/muscles

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7
Q

Dendrites ____, while axon ____

A

Dendrites listens while axon speaks

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8
Q

Dendrite vs axon length

A

Dendrites are short, axons can be long

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9
Q

What cells support nerve cells?

A

Glial cells (gluey cells)

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10
Q

What do glial cells do?

A

Support the billions of neurons

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11
Q

What do glial cells provide?

A

Myelin, guiding neural connections, and “chatting” to help memory and learning

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12
Q

Neurons transmit information when __

A

Stimulated by senses

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13
Q

Reaction time is measured in

A

MS, milliseconds

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14
Q

What is the primary charge in a resting axon’s fluid interior

A

Primarily negative, but includes large charged negative protein ions and small, positively charged potassium ions

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15
Q

What happens in a neural impulse?

A

A section of axon ions opens their gates, and then the next, etc.

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16
Q

What is depolarization?

A

The difference of loss in inside/outside charges during a neuron firing

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17
Q

What is Excitatory vs Inhibitory?

A

Excitatory is like pushing neurons accelerator, while inhibitory is like pushing the breaks

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18
Q

If ___ signals exceed the ___ signals by threshold, the combined signals will trigger action potential

A

Excitatory; inhibitory

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19
Q

Neurons act like binary, which means

A

They either fire or they don’t, it’s all or nothing

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20
Q

The chemical messengers released when a signal hits an axons end are called

A

Neurotransmitters

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21
Q

Excess neurotransmitters are

A

Drifted away and broken down by enzymes, if they are not, they are reabsorbed in a process called reuptake

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22
Q

What is reuptake

A

The process of excess neurotransmitters being reabsorbed

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23
Q

2 brain pathways that only use 1-2 neurotransmitters

A

Serotonin and dopamine

24
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Enables muscle action, learning, memory. ACh produces neurons deteriorate with Alzheimer’s

25
Dopamine
Influences emotion, movement, learning, and attention. Oversupply can lead to schizophrenia, undersupply can lead to Parkinson’s
26
Serotonin
Affects mood, hunger, sleep and arousal, undersupply can lead to depression. Many drugs used to raise serotonin levels treat depression.
27
Norepinephrine
Controls alertness and arousal, undersupply can depress mood
28
GABA, or gamma-aminobutyric acid
Major inhibitory neurotransmitter, undersupply is linked to tremors, seizures, and insomnia
29
Glutamate
Major excitatory neurotransmitter involved in memory, oversupply can stimulate the brain to seizures and migraines
30
Endorphins
Neurotransmitters that influence pain or pleasure, oversupply, often from opiate drugs, can provide euphoria by suppressing the natural endorphin supply
31
Endorphin broken into prefix/root/suffix
Endo-produced within morphine. This helps explain the senses emitted from this neurotransmitter
32
Agonist molecules ___ a neurotransmitters actions
Increase
33
Antagonists ___ a neurotransmitters action
Decrease
34
CNS is the
Central nervous system
35
PNS is the
Peripheral nervous system
36
The CNS is the
Primary decision maker in the body
37
The PNS is the
Information gatherer of the body. It transmits to the CNS to make decisions
38
Nerves are
The electrical cables in our body, formed from bundles of axons.
39
Nerves bind the CNS with
Receptors, muscles, and glands
40
Sensory neurons are
Adifferent, meaning they carry messages from the body tissue inward
41
Motor neurons are
Efferent, meaning they carry messages outward
42
Interneurons
Process information
43
The PNS is broken down into
The somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system
44
The somatic nervous system is responsible for
Skeletal muscles, such as when your friend taps your shoulder, you turn your head
45
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is responsible for
The glands and internal organ muscles, such as the heartbeat
46
The autonomic nervous system is broken down into
The sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system
47
What does the sympathetic nervous system do?
Arouses and expends energy, such as accelerating the heartbeat under stress
48
What does the parasympathetic nervous system do?
The opposite of the sympathetic nervous system, it conserves energy to calm you down
49
Neural ___ are when neurons work together to get more done
Neural networks
50
The spinal cord is
A two-way informational highway
51
The endocrine system is
The glands and hormones of the body
52
Hormones are
The chemical messengers of the body, responsible for hunger, aggression, arousal, etc.
53
Norepinephrine as a hormone does what?
It is adrenaline, increases heart rate, BP, blood sugar. Overall, provides a surge of energy
54
What is the pituitary gland?
A pea-sized gland in the core of the brain, controlled by adjacent brain areas
55
What is oxytocin?
A hormone that enables labor contractions, milk flow for nursing, and orgasms
56
What is a master gland?
A gland that controls other glands
57
What is the bodies feedback system
Brain > pituitary > other glands > hormones > body and brain

Psychology 105 (20 decks)

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