Module 36 - Introduction to Motivation

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

The need or desire that energizes and directs behaviour

Question 2

4 major theories for motivation

Answer 2

1. Instinct Theory
2. Drive - Reduction Theory
3. Optimal Arousal Theory
4. Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Question 3

Tinbergin (ethdogist)

Answer 3

Instinctive behaviours do occur in nature

- Behaviour must have a fixed pattern throughout a species and be unlearned

Question 4

Homeostasis

Answer 4

Tendency to maintain a steady or balanced internal state (body temp, etc)

• If interrupted, a physiological need is created that causes a state of tension or arousal (drive)
• Drive motivations behaviours until need is satisfied

Question 5

Drive-Reduction Theory (Push and Pull Theory)

Answer 5

• Drive ‘pushes’ from within (motivated state)

- Behaviour can be ‘pulled’ by external stimuli

Question 6

Optimal Arousal Theory

Answer 6

• Doesn’t explain non-homeostatic behaviour or why we sometimes seek arousal
• Behaviour is motivated by a desire to maintain an optimal level of arousal

Question 7

Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs

Answer 7

• We have a variety of needs
• Needs vary in priority; ‘Hierarchy of needs’
• Illustrated as a ‘pyramid’
• Lower needs must be met before higher ones
• Priority needs may vary