Module 32 - Language Flashcards
What is Language
- Spoken, written or signed words to make ways to communicate
- The way we transmit info to each other
- Sender (code)
- Receiver (decode)
Types of Language Structure
- Phonemes
- Morpheme
- Grammar
- Syntax
- Semantics
Phonemes
Smallest distinctive sound unit
Morpheme
Smallest unit that conveys meaning
Grammar
Rules that are in a certain language, that helps us communicate with others
Syntax
Rules used to order words in a sentence
Semantics
Rules applied to change or add meaning to a word or sentence
Imitation
Learn syntax and words from others
Association
Sight of things (we see) with sounds of words
Reinforcement
Smiles and Hugs when right
Noam Chomsky
Said Language is not just experience
Statistical Learning
Quick cluster sounds that normally go together (word break)
Critical Periods
Sensitive period after which development of language is impaired
Aphasia
An impaired use of language
Broca
- Damage to left frontal lobe (near motor cortex)
- Damage their is called Broca’s Aphasia
- Could not understand language but could not speak
Wernicke
- Damage results in words strung together in meaningless fashion
- Located in left temporal lobe (auditory cortex)
- Damage produces deficits in language comprehension and production of meaningful speech
- If no damage to Broca area, patient can articulate words, but they make no sense
Angular Gyrus
- Damage results in reading deficit
- Transforms words that are read into auditory code
- Person can still comprehend and respond to spoken language
Linguistic Determinism Hypothesis
- Language shapes thought
- Vocabulary follows the thought when something new occurs, then vocabulary is expanded in to include new idea
Animals Thinking and Language
- Form Concepts
- Display Insight
- Use Tools (select appropriate tool for the job)
- Use of Number
- Communication is used differently for all animals
