Module #33 - Psychological Therapies

Question 1

Psychotherapy

Answer 1

An interaction between a trained therapist and someone who is seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth.

Question 2

4 major types of psychotherapy

Answer 2

Psychoanalytic, humanistic, behavioral, cognitive

Question 3

Eclectic approach

Answer 3

An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the person’s problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

Question 4

Sigmund Freud (1856 - 1939)

Answer 4

Founder of psychoanalysis, a controversial theory about the workings of the unconscious mind.

Question 5

Psychoanalysis

Answer 5

Freud’s theory of personality; a therapeutic technique that attempts to provide insight into thoughts and actions by exposing and interpreting the underlying unconscious motives and conflicts.

Question 6

Psychological Assumptions

Answer 6

1. Psychological problems are the result of repressed conflicts and impulses from childhood.
2. The therapist must bring the repressed problems into the conscious mind to help patients have insight about the original cause of the problem.

Question 7

Free Association

Answer 7

Freudian technique of discovering the unconscious mind – where the patient relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing.

Question 8

Resistance

Answer 8

In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.

Question 9

Interpretation

Answer 9

In psychoanalysis, the analyst’s noting of ideas of the meaning behind dreams, resistances, and other significant behaviors to promote insight.

Question 10

Transference

Answer 10

In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer strong emotions (such as love or hatred) linked with other relationship to the analyst.

Question 11

Problems with Psychoanalysis

Answer 11

• Can important memories be repressed?
• Psychoanalysis takes a long time and is very costly.
• Psychoanalysis does not allow for differing interpretations.

Question 12

Psychoanalysis Candidate Traits

Answer 12

1. Motivation
2. Capacity to form interpersonal relationships.
3. Capacity for introspection and insight.
4. Ego strength (open to painful facts about oneself)

Question 13

Psychodynamic approach

Answer 13

A more modern view that retains some aspects of Freudian theory but rejects other aspects (keeps unconscious mind, less on unresolved childhood conflicts)

Question 14

Nondirective Therapy

Answer 14

Therapist listens without interpreting and does not direct the client (patient) to any particular insight.

Question 15

Carl Rogers (1902 - 1987)

Answer 15

Humanistic psychologist who developed client-centered therapy and stressed the importance of acceptance, genuineness, and empathy in fostering human growth.

Question 16

Client-Centered Therapy

Answer 16

A humanist therapy, developed by Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate the client’s growth.

Question 17

Active Listening

Answer 17

Empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies.

Question 18

Characteristics of Active Listening

Answer 18

• Echoing/Reflecting feelings
• Restating/Paraphrasing
• Clarifying

Question 19

Behavior Therapy

Answer 19

A therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. Founded by Dr. Neal Houston.

Question 20

Counterconditioning

Answer 20

A behavior therapy technique that teaches us to associate new responses to places or things that have in the past triggered unwanted behaviors.

Question 21

Systemic Desensitization

Answer 21

A type of counter conditioning that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli.

Question 22

Behavior Therapy

Answer 22

A therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. Founded by Dr. Neal Houston.

Question 23

Counterconditioning

Answer 23

A behavior therapy technique that teaches us to associate new responses to places or things that have in the past triggered unwanted behaviors.

Question 24

Systemic Desensitization

Answer 24

A type of counter conditioning that associates a pleasant, relaxed state with gradually increasing, anxiety-triggering stimuli.

Question 25

Systemic desensitization process

Answer 25

• Establish a hierarchy of anxiety-triggering stimuli
• learning relaxation methods
• slowly think through the hierarchy
• demonstrate this process

Question 26

Aversive conditioning

Answer 26

A type of counter conditioning that associates and unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior.

Question 27

Token economy

Answer 27

An pedant conditioning procedure that attempts to modify behavior by rewarding desired behavior with some small item.

Question 28

Cognitive therapy

Answer 28

Therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting.

Question 29

Self-serving bias

Answer 29

Tendency to judge oneself favorably.

Question 30

Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Answer 30

Integrated therapy that combines changing self-defeating thinking with changing inappropriate behavior.

Question 31

Group Therapy

Answer 31

Having a therapist work with a number of patients at one time.

Question 32

Advantages of group therapy

Answer 32

• therapists can help more than one person at a time
• overall session cost is lower
• patients interact with others having the same problems as they have
• builds a sense of community

Question 33

Family therapy

Answer 33

Therapy that views an individual’s unwanted behaviors influenced by or directed at other members of the family.

Question 34

3 basic benefits of all therapies

Answer 34

1. Hope for demoralized people
2. A new perspective
3. An empathic, trusting, caring relationship