Module 3 Quiz Questions Flashcards
Define the terms active and passive with respect to the membrane transport.
Passive transport involves movement from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration without an expenditure of energy. Active transport involves the movement of materials against a concentration gradient with the use of energy.
Describe the structure and location of the ribosomes.
Ribosomes are small globular granules made of ribosomal RNA and protein. They are found free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
What is the cytoskeleton?
A framework within the cell; its function is related mainly to movement and support. It is made up of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
Sketch and label a diagram of the principal constituents of the plasma membrane.
Integral protein, channel, carbohydrate, cholesterol, lipid bilayer and peripheral protein.
Define the terms transcription and translation.
Transcription: the copying of a base sequence of DNA into a base sequence of RNA.
Translation: the use of a base sequence of mRNA to assemble a corresponding sequence of amino acids.
State the difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
Integral proteins penetrate through the membrane. Peripheral proteins are on the inner or outer surface.
The process of transcription provides which three types of RNA?
Messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA.
The cytoskeleton proteins with the smallest diameter are called ____.
Microfilaments
Name the two types (categories) of membrane proteins.
Integral and peripheral
For successful somatic cell division to occur, the cell must undergo mitosis followed by cytokinesis. Explain these two terms.
Division of the nucleus. Division of the cytoplasm (cytokinesis).
Name the three principal parts of a generalized cell:
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
What is a gene? What is its function?
A gene is a specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA that determines the amino acid sequence of a protein.
Describe the structure of the nucleus.
The nucleus is a spherical structure surround by a double membrane and contains the nucleolus and chromatin.
Describe the cytosol of the cell.
The cytosol of the cell is the viscous fluid within which the organelles and inclusions are suspended. It is the site of most intracellular chemical reactions.
Identify the function of the lysosomes.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes used by cells to reprocess intracellular materials such as cell membranes, and extracellular materials such as bone.
What is the anticodon?
A sequence of three nucleotides on a transfer RNA molecule, which allows the tRNA to bind to a specific sequence of three nucleotides on the mRNA.
What is the termination (stop) codon?
A three nucleotide sequence in mRNA that signifies the end of the message.
Fill in the appropriate RNA nucleotide that would be expected to pair with the DNA nucleotide shown below:
G–T–T–A–G–A–G–A–T–G
C–A–A–U–C–U–C–U–A–C
Define the term osmosis.
Is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.
What is the function of the microtubules?
Microtubules provide shape and structural support for cells. They also provide the mechanism for the movement of cilia and flagella and the movement of chromosomes during mitosis.
Identify the primary function of cilia.
Cilia cause the movement of materials such as mucous across cell surfaces.
The fluid inside a cell is called the ____, while the fluid outside the cell is called the ____.
Intracellular fluid; extracellular fluid.
List 3 functions of the cell membrane:
Channel, transporter, receptor, enzyme, anchor, identify marker.
Define the terms hypotonic and hypertonic.
In a hypotonic solution, a lower concentration of solutes and a higher concentration of water occurs. In contrast, a hypertonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes and a lower concentration of water.
