Module 1 Quiz Questions Flashcards
What is meant by the anatomic position?
In the anatomical position, the subject faces the observer, standing erect with arms at the sides and palms facing forward.
Name the 4 abdominopelvic regions.
Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant
Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant
List the principal systems or the human body.
Integumentary, lymphatic, skeletal, respiratory, muscular, digestive, nervous, endocrine, urinary, reproductive and cardiovascular.
Define positive feedback and negative feedback by illustrating their main differences.
Positive feedback is a situation in which the response to a particular stimulus increases the stimulus, which, in turn, increases the response.
Define homeostasis.
Homeostasis refers to the normal physiological condition of the body and the tendancy of the human body to maintain that condition, despite changes inside and outside of the body.
In the anatomical position the:
Epigastric region is ___ to the umbilical region.
Wrist is ___ to the elbow.
Thumb is ___ to the palm.
Superior
Distal
Lateral
Define the terms anatomy and physiology.
Anatomy is the study of structure and the relationships among structures. Physiology is the study of the function of body parts.
Describe the following body cavities: cranial, thoracic and pericardial.
Cranial cavity is formed by the cranial bones of the skull. Thoracic cavity is the portion of the ventral body cavity above the diaphragm. Pericardial cavity is the tiny space between the parietal and visceral pericardium.
Name the indicated abdominopelvic regions.
Right hypochondriac, lumbar and inguinal (ilac). Epigastric, umbilical and hypogastric. Left hypochondriac, lumbar and inguinal (ilac).
Define a frontal and a midsagittal plane.
The frontal plane divides the body or an organ into anterior and posterior positions. The midsagittal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body or an organ into equal right and left halves.
List in order, from lowest to highest, the levels of structural organization within the human body.
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismic.
Define the following directional terms: inferior, medial and proximal.
Inferior: away from the head, towards the lower end of a structure. Medial: nearer to the midline of the body or structure. Proximal: nearer to the point of attachment or origin of a structure; closer to the main axis of the body.
Define symptom.
A symptom is a subjective change in function that cannot be determined by an observer.
Define sign.
A sign is a change that can be observed or measured.
List the 6 criteria that distinguish living from non-living forms:
Metabolism: all chemical reactions of the body. Responsiveness: detection of and response to stimuli. Movement: motion of cells, the body. Growth: increase in size and complexity. Differentiation: specialization of cells. Reproduction: new cells or new individual.
Describe the functions of the following systems: integumentary, endocrine, respiratory, urinary.
Integumentary: protects the body, synthesizes vitamin D, recieved external stimuli such as temperature pain and pressure. Endocrine produces hormones and releases them into the blood to regulate metabolic activities. Respiratory supplies oxygen to body, removes carbon dioxide from the blood, helps regulate pH levels. Urinary regulates chemical composition of body fluids and eliminates wastes from the body.
The description of any region of the body such as directions and planes assumes that the body is in the ___ position.
Anatomical
Which directional terms describe the relationship of your navel to your right shoulder?
Inferior and medial
The homeostatic responses of the body are regulated by which 2 systems?
Endocrine and nervous
What is the correct order from the most complex to the simplest level?
Chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organism
The human skin belongs to what major body system?
Integumentary
If a response enhances an original stimulus, the system is classified as a ___ feedback system.
Positive
Which of the following are considered to be dorsal (posterior) body cavities?
Cranial and vertebral cavities
A feedback system consists of three basic components: what are they?
A receptor, a control centre and an effector.
Which plane is vertical and divides the body into right and left sections?
Sagittal
Which directional term means nearer to or at the front of the body?
Anterior
Which directional term means farther from the midline?
Lateral
___ is the change that a cell undergoes from and unspecialized to a specialized state.
Differentiation
