Module 3 Objectives Flashcards
Define Physiology
The study of how the body parts work or how the body functions.
Structure determines function & function determines structure!
Physiology relates to Functionality.
Define anatomy
The study of the body’s parts or the body’s structure. Physical structure
What are the six levels of structural organization within the body
Chemical Cellular Tissue Organs Systems Organisms
Describe the chemical structure
atoms are the smallest possible piece of an element that retain all the properties of that element. Major chemical elements are: oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. Followed by nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus.
Describe Cellular structure
made up of different types of molecules. They are the tiny motors that keep us running. The fundamental unit of life containing cytoplasm, nucleus, plasma membrane, mitochondria. Metabolic reactions within the cell convert nutrients to fuel in the form of ATP
Describe the structure of Tissue
made up of cells that work together an perform the same function.
Four classes: Connective; Epithelial; Muscle and Nerve.
Describe Organ structure
Perform a specialized physiological function. example - stomach is made up of all 4 types of tissues and has the function of breaking down food.
Describe a system
A group of specialized organs working together to achieve a specific function.
Describe organism
all systems of the body combined make up an organism or human being. Continuously fine tuning itself to maintain balance - process called homeostasis. Anything that stresses the body (heat, pain, cold, etc.) creates a need for adaptation, which means the cells aren’t working at the optimal level.
Define pH and describe the scale used for pH
Stands for “Power of Hydrogen”. Numerical value representing the acidity or alkalinity of a substance.
Increased H+ –> Increased Acidity
Increased Hydroxide OH- –> Increased Alkalinity (base)
Scale from {0 - 7 - 14} Acid - neutral - base
Each pH unit represents a10 fold difference in pH: pH2 is 100X acidic than pH4
Gastric Juices most acidic around 1.2 - 3.0
Bile most alkaline
Water & Blood are neutral
Describe the anatomical position
Facing forward
Looking forward
Arms hanging at side with palms forward
List directional terms for anatomy
Superior and Inferior Proximal and Distal Medial and Lateral Anterior and Posterior Ipsilateral and Contralateral Superficial and Deep Bilateral and unilateral
Define Superior & Inferior
Toward the head & Toward the feet
Define Proximal and Distal
Nearer to the point of connection to the body & Out from Body
Shoulder & Hand (farther from attachment to the body)
Define Medial & Lateral
Toward Middle line & Toward the side
