Module 3 - Immunity Flashcards
Where do B cells mature?
Bone Marrow
Where do T cells mature?
Thymus
Define Immunity
The body’s specific protective response to a foreign agent or organism.
ex. HIV/AIDS, Hypersensitivity, RA
Define Autoimmunity
Normal protective immune response paradoxically turns against or attacks the body, leading to tissue damage.
Define Hypersensitivity
Body produces inappropriate or exaggerated responses to specific antigens.
Define Gammopathies
Overproduction of immunoglobulins.
Define Immune deficiencies primary
Deficiency results from improper development of immune cells or tissues; usually congential or inherited.
Define Immune deficiencies secondary
Deficiency results from some interference with an already developed immune system; usually acquired later in life.
Two components of the immune system
- Bone marrow which include WBC production and T Cells and B cells.
- Lymphoid Tissue which includes spleen and lymph nodes
Define Natural Immunity
Nonspecific response to a foreign invader, no prior exposure to foreign substance.
-considered the first line of host defense
Define Acquired Immunity
Specific response against a foreign invader, a result of prior exposure to antigen
Can be active or passive
Example: Vaccines
Physical Barriers to foreign invaders
Intact skin
Chemical Barriers to foreign invaders
Acidic gastric secretions
Enzymes in tears and saliva
1st Line of Defense to foreign invaders and largest organ
Intact Skin
Humoral immunity (antibody protection)
Lymphocytes: B cells
Secrete antibodies to viruses and bacteria
Recognize antigens
Antibodies Mark the antigen for cell destruction
Do not destroy the foreign cell
Crosses the placenta in the form of IgG
Cellular immunity (cell mediated immune response)
Lymphocytes: T cells
Do not recognize antigens
Direct and regulate immune response-(helper T cells)
Attack infected or foreign cells-(killer T cells and natural killer cells)
Do not cross the placenta
Phagocytosis
Process by which phagocytes swallow up and break down a microorganism.
-monocytes responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign bodies and toxins
Lymph System Function
Passively filters plasma for bacteria or other foreign material before returning it o othe bloodstream and back to the heart
Why do lymph nodes enlarge?
WBCs infiltrate the lymph node to attack a foreign substance and cause the nodes to enlarge.
4 Stages of the Immune Response
Recognition Stage
Proliferation Stage
Response Stage
Effector Stage
Recognition Stage
Recognition of antigens as foreign; involves use of lymph nodes and lymphocytes for surveillance; lymphocytes recirculate from the blood to lymph nodes and back to blood continuously;
Proliferation Stage
- Circulating lympocytes containing the antigenic message returns to the nearest lymph node
- Stimulate some of the T/B lymphocytes to enlarge, divide and proliferate
- T Lymphocytes differentiate into cytotoxic (Killer) T cells
- B lymphocytes produce and release antibodies
When the body is attacked by bacteria, viruses or other pathogens it has 3 means of defense, which are ?
- Phagocytic immune response
- Humoral response
- The natural immune response
B cell mature where
B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow before entering the blood stream
T cells mature where
T lymphocytes matter in the thymus, where they also differentiate into cells with various functions
what is the function of the immune system
the basic function of the immune system is to remove foreign antigens such as viruses and bacteria to maintain hemoeostasis
inflammatory response
response to injury or invading organism. chemical mediators minimize blood loss, wall off invading organism, activate phagocytes, promote formation of scar tissue and regeneration of injured tissue
active immunity
immunologic defense developed by persons own body. May last year or may last a lifetime
passive immunity
temporary, results from transfer of a source outside of the body that has developed immunity through previous disease or immunization.
ex. transfer of antibodies from mother to infant through breast feeding; receiving immune globulin through injection
response stage
begins with the production of antibodies by the B lymphocytes in response to a specific antigen . cellular response stimulates the resident lymphocytes to become cells that attack microbes –> killer T cells
effector stage
In the effector state either the antibody of the humoral response or the cytotoxic (killer) T cell of the cellular response reaches and connects with the antigen on the surface of the foreign invader.
apoptosis
programmed cell death
Humoral immune response
is characterized by the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes in response to a specific antigen.
agglutination of antigens
acts as a cross-link between two antigen, causing them to bind or clump together (referred as agglutination) this helps clear the body of the invading organism by facilitating phagocytosis
opsonization
assistance in the removal of offending organism through antigen-antibody molecule is coated with a sticky substance that also facilitates phagocytosis
cellular immune response
T lymphocytes,Attack invaders directly, secrete cytokines, and stimulate immune system responses
humoral response ( B cells)
bacterial phagocytosis and lysis
- anaphylaxis
- allergic hay fever and asthma
- immune complex disease
- bacterial and some viral infection
cellular response
- transplant rejection
- delayed hypersensitivity (TB reaction
- GVHD
- tumor surveillance or destruction
- intracellular infection
- viral, fungal, and parasitic infection
