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Nurse 3 > Module 3 - Immunity > Flashcards

Module 3 - Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

Bone Marrow

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2
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

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3
Q

Define Immunity

A

The body’s specific protective response to a foreign agent or organism.
ex. HIV/AIDS, Hypersensitivity, RA

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4
Q

Define Autoimmunity

A

Normal protective immune response paradoxically turns against or attacks the body, leading to tissue damage.

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5
Q

Define Hypersensitivity

A

Body produces inappropriate or exaggerated responses to specific antigens.

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6
Q

Define Gammopathies

A

Overproduction of immunoglobulins.

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7
Q

Define Immune deficiencies primary

A

Deficiency results from improper development of immune cells or tissues; usually congential or inherited.

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8
Q

Define Immune deficiencies secondary

A

Deficiency results from some interference with an already developed immune system; usually acquired later in life.

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9
Q

Two components of the immune system

A
  • Bone marrow which include WBC production and T Cells and B cells.
  • Lymphoid Tissue which includes spleen and lymph nodes
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10
Q

Define Natural Immunity

A

Nonspecific response to a foreign invader, no prior exposure to foreign substance.
-considered the first line of host defense

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11
Q

Define Acquired Immunity

A

Specific response against a foreign invader, a result of prior exposure to antigen
Can be active or passive
Example: Vaccines

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12
Q

Physical Barriers to foreign invaders

A

Intact skin

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13
Q

Chemical Barriers to foreign invaders

A

Acidic gastric secretions

Enzymes in tears and saliva

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14
Q

1st Line of Defense to foreign invaders and largest organ

A

Intact Skin

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15
Q

Humoral immunity (antibody protection)

A

Lymphocytes: B cells
Secrete antibodies to viruses and bacteria
Recognize antigens
Antibodies Mark the antigen for cell destruction
Do not destroy the foreign cell
Crosses the placenta in the form of IgG

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16
Q

Cellular immunity (cell mediated immune response)

A

Lymphocytes: T cells
Do not recognize antigens
Direct and regulate immune response-(helper T cells)
Attack infected or foreign cells-(killer T cells and natural killer cells)
Do not cross the placenta

17
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Process by which phagocytes swallow up and break down a microorganism.
-monocytes responsible for engulfing and destroying foreign bodies and toxins

18
Q

Lymph System Function

A

Passively filters plasma for bacteria or other foreign material before returning it o othe bloodstream and back to the heart

19
Q

Why do lymph nodes enlarge?

A

WBCs infiltrate the lymph node to attack a foreign substance and cause the nodes to enlarge.

20
Q

4 Stages of the Immune Response

A

Recognition Stage
Proliferation Stage
Response Stage
Effector Stage

21
Q

Recognition Stage

A

Recognition of antigens as foreign; involves use of lymph nodes and lymphocytes for surveillance; lymphocytes recirculate from the blood to lymph nodes and back to blood continuously;

22
Q

Proliferation Stage

A
  1. Circulating lympocytes containing the antigenic message returns to the nearest lymph node
  2. Stimulate some of the T/B lymphocytes to enlarge, divide and proliferate
  3. T Lymphocytes differentiate into cytotoxic (Killer) T cells
  4. B lymphocytes produce and release antibodies
23
Q

When the body is attacked by bacteria, viruses or other pathogens it has 3 means of defense, which are ?

A
  1. Phagocytic immune response
  2. Humoral response
  3. The natural immune response
24
Q

B cell mature where

A

B lymphocytes mature in the bone marrow before entering the blood stream

25
Q

T cells mature where

A

T lymphocytes matter in the thymus, where they also differentiate into cells with various functions

26
Q

what is the function of the immune system

A

the basic function of the immune system is to remove foreign antigens such as viruses and bacteria to maintain hemoeostasis

27
Q

inflammatory response

A

response to injury or invading organism. chemical mediators minimize blood loss, wall off invading organism, activate phagocytes, promote formation of scar tissue and regeneration of injured tissue

28
Q

active immunity

A

immunologic defense developed by persons own body. May last year or may last a lifetime

29
Q

passive immunity

A

temporary, results from transfer of a source outside of the body that has developed immunity through previous disease or immunization.
ex. transfer of antibodies from mother to infant through breast feeding; receiving immune globulin through injection

30
Q

response stage

A

begins with the production of antibodies by the B lymphocytes in response to a specific antigen . cellular response stimulates the resident lymphocytes to become cells that attack microbes –> killer T cells

31
Q

effector stage

A

In the effector state either the antibody of the humoral response or the cytotoxic (killer) T cell of the cellular response reaches and connects with the antigen on the surface of the foreign invader.

32
Q

apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

33
Q

Humoral immune response

A

is characterized by the production of antibodies by B lymphocytes in response to a specific antigen.

34
Q

agglutination of antigens

A

acts as a cross-link between two antigen, causing them to bind or clump together (referred as agglutination) this helps clear the body of the invading organism by facilitating phagocytosis

35
Q

opsonization

A

assistance in the removal of offending organism through antigen-antibody molecule is coated with a sticky substance that also facilitates phagocytosis

36
Q

cellular immune response

A

T lymphocytes,Attack invaders directly, secrete cytokines, and stimulate immune system responses

37
Q

humoral response ( B cells)

A

bacterial phagocytosis and lysis

  • anaphylaxis
  • allergic hay fever and asthma
  • immune complex disease
  • bacterial and some viral infection
38
Q

cellular response

A
  • transplant rejection
  • delayed hypersensitivity (TB reaction
  • GVHD
  • tumor surveillance or destruction
  • intracellular infection
  • viral, fungal, and parasitic infection

Nurse 3 (6 decks)

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