module 3 - Communicable Diseases Flashcards
T or F
Infectious diseases are responsible for a quarter to a third of all deaths worldwide.
TRUE
Types of Communicable Diseases (6 items)
Bacterial
Viral
Vector borne
Food & water borne
Nosocomial infection
Sexually transmitted disease
T or F
Infectious diseases account for more than half of all deaths in children under the age of 10.
FALSE
Infectious diseases account for more than half of all deaths in children under the age of 5.
Of the top ten causes of death compiled by the World Health Organization, five are due to ——.
iNFECTIOUS dISEASES
The top single-agent killers are —, —–, and —-. The other top killers are lower respiratory infections and diarrheal diseases, which are caused by a variety of agents.
HIV/AIDS
Malaria
Tuberculosis
First to discover BACTERIA
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Established that high maternal mortality was due to failure of doctors to wash hands after post-mortems
Ignaz Semmelweiss (1818- 1865)
He introduced the PRACTICE OF HANDWASHING
Ignaz Semmelweiss (1818- 1865)
He introduced the PRACTICE OF HANDWASHING
Ignaz Semmelweiss (1818- 1865)
The FATHER OF BACTERIOLOGY
Louis Pasteur (1822- 1895)
Louis Pasteur (1822- 1895)
Proved that bacteria can cause infection -
The GERM THEORY of diseas
FIRST DISINFECTANT FOR SURGERY
Joseph Lister
Concerned about infection of compound fractures and post-operative wounds
Joseph Lister
FOUNDER OF MODERN MICROBIOLOGY
Robert Koch
Grew bacteria in culture medium
Showed which bacteria caused particular diseases
Robert Koch
Disease can be: (4 items)
Genetic
Biological
Physical
Chemical
a pathological condition of body parts or tissues characterized by an identifiable group of signs and symptoms.
DISEASE
disease caused by an infectious agent such as a bacterium, virus, protozoan, or fungus that can be passed on to others.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE
occurs when an infectious agent enters the body and begins to reproduce; may or may not lead to disease.
INFECTION
an infectious agent that causes disease.
PATHOGEN
an organism infected by another organism.
HOST
the relative ability of an agent to cause rapid and severe disease in a host.
VIRULENCE
The ability of an organism to cause a disease to the host
PATHOGENICITY
developed four criteria to demonstrate that a specific disease is caused by a particular agent
Koch’s Postulates .
Koch’s Postulates
(4 items)
- The specific agent must be associated with every case of the disease.
- The agent must be isolated from a diseased host and grown in culture.
- When the culture-grown agent is introduced into a healthy susceptible host, the agent must cause the same disease.
- The same agent must again be isolated from the infected experimental host.
T or F
Most infectious agents that cause disease are microscopic in size and thus, are called MICROBES or MICROORGANISMS.
TRUE
These are simple single-celled organisms (Prokaryotes)
Has no nucleus or membrane bound organelles
BACTERIA
These are particles of RNA and DNA living organisms that do not need nutrients
VIRUSES
This are eukaryotic organisms
Has an enclosed nucleus
PROTOZOA (PROTISTS)
Multicellular organisms
FUNGI
Parasitic worms (i.e. hookworm & whipworm)
HELMINTHS (ANIMALS)
How Infectious Agents Cause Disease.
Production of poisons, such as toxins and enzymes, that destroy cells and tissues.
TYPES OF TOXINS MICROBES PRODUCE (2 items)
ENDOTOXIN
EXOTOXIN
These toxins are secreted by the bacteria into host tissues to make a pathogenic change
EXOTOXIN
Even with the absence of bacteria these toxins can still remain and still could cause diseases
EXOTOXIN
These toxins are part of the cell wall of the bacteria
ENDOTOXIN
The toxin is released into the host tissues when the bacteria dies
ENDOTOXIN
AGENTS THAT ARE EXOTOXIC
VIRUSES
PROTOZOA &
FUNGI
T or F
ExOTOXIN INFECTIONS are slowly killed; they do not die fast; do not release toxins fas
FALSE
ENDOTOXIN INFECTIONS are slowly killed; they do not die fast; do not release toxins fas
They replicate themselves in the plasma membranes of the cells and even alter the physiology of the organ
VIRUSES
They release toxins meaning they are exotoxic; These enzymes released destroy the home tissue
PROTOZOA