Module 1 Flashcards by Appy L

“state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing rather than the mere absence of disease or infirmity”

Health acc. to WHO

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The science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized effort of the society

Public Health

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Primary professionals promoting health (2)

Clinicians
Public health specialists or consultants

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health status of a defined group of people and governmental actions and conditions to promote, protect and preserve the people’s health (e.g. geriatric, maternity, adolescence, etc. + large demographics)

Public health

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T or F
Public health is not unique and has changed over the years due to differing health status and determining situations of health

True

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T or F
Public health aims to destroy the right conditions in order to provide this state of health for the benefit of society

False
Public health aims to create the right conditions in order to provide this state of health for the benefit of society

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T or F
Public health is an organized community effort aimed at the prevention of disease and promotion of health. It links many disciplines and rests upon the scientific core of epidemiology (The Future of Public Health)

True

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monitoring of disease progression

Epidemiology

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According to whom?
..science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing services for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of social machinery which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health

Definition of Public Health acc. to Charles-Edward Amory Winslow (1920)

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According to whom?
…science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organized efforts of society

Definition of Public Health acc. to Sir Donald Acheson’s report (1988)

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According to whom?
It pays attention to the social context of disease and health, and focuses on improving health through society-wide measures.

Definition of Public Health acc. to Sir Donald Acheson’s report (1988)

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Core Areas of Public Health
(3 items)

Protection
Promotion
Prevention

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Core Areas of Public Health
- control of infectious diseases, managing environmental hazards, etc.

Protection

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Core Areas of Public Health
- promoting health, improving social determinants of health

Promotion

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Core Areas of Public Health
- vaccination and screening

Prevention

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According to whom?
To reduce the amount of disease, premature death, and disease produced discomfort and disability in the population

Main Goals of Public Health acc. to John Last

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*The health status of a defined group of people and the actions ivaand conditions, both private and public, to promote, protect, and preserve their health

Community Health

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What is the main goal of Public Health?

To reduce the amount of disease, premature death, and disease produced discomfort and disability in the population

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group of people who have common characteristics (geographically, socio-economically, etc.)

Community

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Activities aimed at protecting or improving the health of the
population or community.

Community Health

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Individual actions and decision making that affect the health of an individual or their
immediate family.

Personal Health

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Factors affecting community health
(4 items)

Physical factors:
. Community organization:
Social/cultural factors:
Individual behaviors:

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The health status of people who are not organized and have no identity as a group or locality and the actions and conditions to promote, protect and preserve their health (e.g. The whole Filipino nation)

Population Health

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FUNCTIONS OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(Acc. to John Last) (6 items)

Surveillance
Develop Policies and Plans
Health Promotion
Disease Prevention
Develop Effective Programs and Facilities
Evaluation of Policies, Strategies, & Facilities

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* Develop strategies and interventions to solve the problem and identify health and social actors or agents that can be carried out

Develop Policies and Plans

* Tries to promote the health of the population, educating in health from the different health, education and mass media facilities (e.g. awareness campaign, implementation of preventive measures for smoking)

Health Promotion

TWO STRATEGIES ADDRESSING DISEASES PREVENTION

1. High Risk Approach 2. Low Risk Approach/Population Approach

Attempts to control the factors of the population as a whole without focusing on a specific collective

2. Low Risk Approach/Population Approach

Aimed at individuals particularly predisposed to an illness and an individual prevention manner is offered to them

1. High Risk Approach

THREE LEVELS OF PREVENTION

Primary Secondary Tertiary

T or F 1. Primary prevention - intervention before the disease appears 2. Secondary - already ill, the aim is to mitigate effects 3. Tertiary prevention - prevention intervention in pre-symptomatic phases

False 1. Primary prevention - intervention before the disease appears 2. Secondary prevention - intervention in pre-symptomatic phases 3. Tertiary prevention - already ill, the aim is to mitigate effects

Mission of Public Health

- The fulfillment of society’s interest in assuring the conditions in which people can be healthy - Prevent epidemics and injuries, & protect against environmental hazards - Promote and encourage healthy behaviors and even good mental health - Respond to disasters and assist communities in recovery.

Vision of Public Health

- Healthy people in healthy communities

Why should you care about public health?

1. Duty and obligation to report certain conditions and cooperate with authorities 2. Help get individual patient services they need 3. Help improve the legal, financial, and social environment that you work in

- Encompasses both activities undertaken within the formal structure of government and the associated efforts of private and voluntary organizations and individuals (The Future of Public Health).

The Organizational Framework of Public Health

Any loss or abnormality of psychology, physiological, or anatomical structure or function

Impairment:

Any restriction of lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal as a result of an impairment

Disability (Activity limitation):

Nature and extent of a person’s involvement in life situations in relation to impairment, activities, health conditions, and contextual factors (e.g. participation in community activities, obtaining a driver’s license, getting a job). Impact of activity limitations

Handicap (Participation restriction):

located for convenience; may be "walk-in"; may provide variety of services such as urgent/emergency care; outpatient surgery; general healthcare

Ambulatory Care Centers

Help with diagnosis and treatment; provided for those too ill to be cared for at home; focused on the acute-care needs of clients

Crisis Intervention Centers

physicals, minor illnesses, minor surgeries, OB/Gyn care, well-child care, counseling and referrals

Physician Offices

Special services available to terminally ill patients; may include inpatient/home care; committed to maintaining quality of life and dignity of dying

Hospice

a person with strong antisocial impulses leads a crusade against vice.

Reaction Formation

- a salesman is angered by his superior but suppresses his anger; later, on return to his home, he punishes one of his children for misbehavior that would usually be tolerated or ignored.

Displacement -

- a purchaser, having finally decided between two items, expounds upon the advantages of the one chosen.

Idealization

two close friends have a violent argument; when they next meet, each act as if the disagreement had never occurred

Undoing

- a man, unable to accept that he has competitive or hostile feelings about an acquaintance, says, “He doesn’t like me”

Projection

Fees are flat rate per month; Primary health providers are often employed and receive a set salary; may/may not have choice of providers; incentive for preventive medicine, emphasizes client wellness

HMO’s or Health Management Organization

Insurance companies that have negotiated a contract with a group of healthcare providers to provide services at a lower fee in return for prompt payment and guaranteed volume of clients

PPO's or Preferred Providers

Healthcare providers outside the group, client would agree to pay additional out-of-pocket expenses; arrangement made with a single provider instead of a group

PPA’s or Preferred Provider Arrangement

Federally funded program for persons of LES (elderly women and children)

Medicaid

Majority of these are private, profit-making; manage to provide a profit as well as services to policyholders; based on shared risk; limits on coverage; have influence and power by limiting healthcare decisions between provider and client; involved in standards of care

Insurance Companies

Insurance program for persons over 65, healthcare costs have been larger than anticipated, hx abuse and fraud

Medicare

this type of stress refers to the ability to convert a particular stressor to energize or motivate

Eustress

This behavior involves retreating to earlier more immature patterns of functioning

REGRESSION

COUNTERPART OF HANDICAP IN THE ICF MODEL

PARTICIPATION RESTRICTION

This patient behavior is noted as being oblivious to his/her surroundings

REPRESSION

"An act providing for a local government code of 1991"

RA. 7160 Devolution

The Universally Accessible Cheaper & Quality Medicines Act of 2008 "Cheaper Medicines Act"

RA 9502

Rural Health Act

RA 1082

The combination of MHC, satellite barrio health (BHS) which is the basis for the implementation of the system

Restructured Health Care Delivery System (RHCDS)

The Generics Act of 1988

RA 6675

National Health Insurance Act (Phil Health)

RA 7875

Any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological, or anatomical structure or function (NAGI MODEL)

IMPAIRMENT

This is the initial stage of emotional reaction to trauma and disability that leads to physiologic prioritization of needs

SHOCK

Used as a defense mechanism to alleviate the anxiety and pain associated with a disability or illness

DENIAL

Used as a defense mechanism to alleviate the anxiety and pain associated with a disability or illness

DENIAL

ICF component leading to 1st degree impact of injury that leads to deviation to norm of function

ACTIVITY LIMITATION

weight control

Primary Prevention

This type of health care helps with rehabilitation and health restoration and palliative care; also helps with the process of restoring to optimum level of wellness or to highest level of health that one is capable of

Tertiary Prevention

This type of health care helps with health promotion and illness prevention; it can be directed at an individual or a community

Primary Prevention

immunizations

Primary Prevention -

This type of health care helps with diagnosis and treatment; it is traditionally the largest segment service in the healthcare system

Secondary Prevention