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4 - PA 1 - Calculations > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary purpose of sig codes?

A

To ensure that patients can understand their medication instructions and to standardize communication in prescriptions.

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2
Q

What are sig codes?

A

Shorthand instructions used in prescriptions, primarily derived from Latin, to communicate medication instructions clearly.

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3
Q

What is the required format for writing a sig?

A

Verb + Quantity + Dosage Form + Route of Administration + Time + Special Instructions.

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4
Q

Provide an example of a sig.

A

“Take one tablet by mouth twice daily.”

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5
Q

What does the “verb” in a sig represent?

A

The action to be taken, such as “take” or “give.”

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6
Q

How should the quantity be expressed in a sig?

A

Use “1 or 2 tablet(s)” to indicate both singular and plural forms.

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7
Q

What is the significance of the dosage form in a sig?

A

It specifies the form of medication, such as tablet, capsule, or liquid.

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8
Q

How should the route of administration be mentioned in a sig?

A

Only mention it once per sig (e.g., “by mouth”).

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9
Q

What are the instructions for writing sigs for children?

A

Use “Take” for children over 12 and adults; use “Give” for children 11 and under.

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10
Q

What special considerations are there for writing sigs for antibiotics?

A

For mixed antibiotic liquids: “Take XmL by mouth three times a day for 7 days - then discard remainder.”

For exact amounts: “Take XmL by mouth three times a day for 7 days until finished.”

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11
Q

Why is it important to read sigs aloud?

A

To verify clarity and ensure that the instructions make sense.

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12
Q

What are some key tasks pharmacy assistants should complete to reinforce learning?

A

Complete assigned readings and self-check all assignments related to sig codes.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of prescription transcription?

A

To assist pharmacy staff in accurately interpreting and transcribing prescriptions, ensuring patient safety and effective communication.

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14
Q

Name the verb used for oral medication in adults.

A

Take

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15
Q

What verb is used for administering oral medication to children and pets under 12?

A

Give

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16
Q

Which verb indicates the application of topical medications?

A

Apply

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17
Q

What verb is used for rectal or vaginal medications?

A

Unwrap and Insert

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18
Q

What verb is used for otic (ear) or ophthalmic (eye) drops?

A

Instill

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19
Q

Which verb indicates the method of parenteral (injection) administration?

A

Inject

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20
Q

What verb is used for sublingual or buccal medications?

A

Dissolve

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21
Q

What does “Swish and Spit” refer to in medication administration?

A

Oral mouthwash

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22
Q

What verb is used for chewable tablets?

A

Spray / Inhale

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23
Q

What are Latin abbreviations used for in prescriptions?

A

They are shorthand used in prescription directions (SIG) that must be translated into English.

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24
Q

Why is context important when interpreting Latin abbreviations?

A

Some abbreviations have multiple meanings, and context helps determine the correct interpretation.

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25
Q

What does “aa” stand for in Latin abbreviations?

A

Equal parts of each

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26
Q

What does “aaa” mean?

A

Apply to affected area(s)

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27
Q

What does “ac” indicate?

A

Before meals

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28
Q

What does “bid” mean?

A

Twice daily

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29
Q

What does “hs” stand for?

A

At bedtime

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30
Q

What does “NPO” mean?

A

Nothing by mouth

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31
Q

What does “prn” indicate?

A

As needed

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32
Q

What does “qd” mean?

A

Once daily

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33
Q

What does “tid” stand for?

A

Three times daily

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34
Q

What challenges do pharmacy staff face when interpreting abbreviations?

A

Some abbreviations have multiple meanings, and combinations of abbreviations can lead to misinterpretation.

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35
Q

What are common time indicators in prescriptions?

A

hr (hour), d (day), wk (week), mo (month)

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36
Q

What are common quantity indicators?

A

Numbers (1, 2, 3, etc.) and units (g, mg, mL).

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37
Q

What does “ADR” stand for?

A

Adverse drug reaction

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38
Q

What does “NKA” mean?

A

No known allergies

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39
Q

What does “DAW” indicate?

A

Dispense as written

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40
Q

Provide examples of drugs written in shorthand.

A

ASA (aspirin), 5-FU (fluorouracil), AZT (zidovudine).

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41
Q

What does “IM” stand for in Latin abbreviations?

A

Intramuscularly

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42
Q

What does “IV” indicate?

A

Intravenously

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43
Q

What does “IVP” mean?

A

Intravenous push

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44
Q

What does “IVPB” stand for?

A

Intravenous piggyback

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45
Q

What does “liq” refer to?

A

Liquid

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46
Q

What does “lot” mean?

A

Lotion

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47
Q

What does “MDI” stand for?

A

Metered dose inhaler

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48
Q

What does “N/V” indicate?

A

Nausea and vomiting

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49
Q

What does “q” mean in prescription terms?

A

Each, every

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50
Q

What does “qam” stand for?

A

Every morning

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51
Q

What does “qid” mean?

A

Four times daily

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52
Q

What does “qod” indicate?

A

Every other day

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53
Q

What does “qs” mean?

A

Sufficient quantity

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54
Q

What does “s” stand for?

A

Without

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55
Q

What does “SL” refer to?

A

Sublingual (under the tongue)

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56
Q

What does “SOB” mean?

A

Shortness of breath

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57
Q

What does “supp” stand for?

A

Suppository

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58
Q

What does “susp” mean?

A

Suspension

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59
Q

What does “syr” refer to?

A

Syrup

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60
Q

What does “tab” stand for?

A

Tablet

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61
Q

What does “tsp” mean?

A

Teaspoonful

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62
Q

What does “tbsp” indicate?

A

Tablespoonful

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63
Q

What does “tuss” refer to?

A

Cough

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64
Q

What does “uf” mean?

A

Until finished

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65
Q

What does “ung” stand for?

A

Ointment

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66
Q

What does “ud” mean?

A

As directed

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67
Q

What is the significance of understanding shorthand for specific drugs in pharmacy practice?

A

It ensures accurate dispensing and effective communication with healthcare providers.

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68
Q

What should pharmacy staff avoid when interpreting combinations of abbreviations?

A

Using the word “and” unless certain of its correctness, as it can imply more frequent use of medication.

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69
Q

What does “gtt/gtts” stand for?

A

Drop(s)

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70
Q

What does “pc” mean in prescription terms?

A

After meals or food

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71
Q

What does “pr” indicate?

A

Rectally

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72
Q

What does “pm” stand for?

A

Evening

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73
Q

What does “q2h” mean?

A

Every 2 hours

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74
Q

What does “q3h” indicate?

A

Every 3 hours

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75
Q

What does “q4h” mean?

A

Every 4 hours

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76
Q

What does “q6h” indicate?

A

Every 6 hours

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77
Q

What does “q8h” mean?

A

Every 8 hours

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78
Q

What does “q12h” indicate?

A

Every 12 hours

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79
Q

What does “1/7” mean?

A

1 day

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80
Q

What does “10/7” indicate?

A

10 days

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81
Q

What does “1/52” mean?

A

1 week (7 days)

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82
Q

What does “1/12” indicate?

A

1 month (always 30 days)

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83
Q

What does “x 5d” mean?

A

For 5 days

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84
Q

What does “mEq” stand for?

A

Milliequivalent

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85
Q

What does “mcg” refer to?

A

Microgram

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86
Q

What does “u or U” mean?

A

Unit

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87
Q

What does “gr” stand for?

A

Grain

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88
Q

What does “IU” indicate?

A

International units

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89
Q

What does “mL” refer to?

A

Milliliter

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90
Q

What is the importance of careful interpretation of Latin abbreviations in pharmacy practice?

A

To avoid miscommunication and ensure patient safety.

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91
Q

What should pharmacy staff do when faced with combinations of abbreviations?

A

Interpret carefully to avoid misinterpretation.

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92
Q

What does “DAW” signify in prescriptions?

A

Dispense as written, indicating no substitutions.

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93
Q

What does “NKA” mean?

A

No known allergies.

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94
Q

What does “NKDA” stand for?

A

No known drug allergies.

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95
Q

What does “Tx” refer to?

A

Treatment

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96
Q

What does “Dx” mean?

A

Diagnosis

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97
Q

What does “SOB” stand for in medical terms?

A

Shortness of breath.

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98
Q

What does “elix” refer to?

A

Elixir

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99
Q

What does “nebs” mean?

A

Nebules

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100
Q

What does “stat” indicate?

A

At once or immediately.

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101
Q

Common Latin Abbreviations:

A

“bid”: Twice daily.
“tid”: Three times daily.
“prn”: As needed.
“ac”: Before meals.
“hs”: At bedtime.
“NPO”: Nothing by mouth.

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102
Q

Routes of Administration:

A

Oral: “Take” for adults, “Give” for pets/children.

Topical: “Apply” for creams, lotions, etc.

Rectal/Vaginal: “Unwrap and Insert.”

Otic/Ophthalmic: “Instill” for ear/eye drops.

Parenteral: “Inject” for injections.

Inhalation: “Inhale” for inhalers and capsules.

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103
Q

Interpretation Challenges:

A

Some abbreviations have multiple meanings (e.g., “od” can mean “once daily” or “right eye”).

Context is crucial for accurate interpretation.

Avoid ambiguous terms like “and” unless certain of the meaning.

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104
Q

Quantities and Units:

A

Familiarity with shorthand for quantities (e.g., “1,” “2,” “10,” “100”) and units (e.g., “mg,” “mL,” “g”).

Understanding terms indicating time (e.g., “hr” for hour, “d” for day).

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105
Q

Other Notations:

A

ADR: Adverse drug reaction.
NKA: No known allergies.
DAW: Dispense as written.

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106
Q

Shorthand for Specific Drugs:

A

Recognizing common shorthand (e.g., “ASA” for aspirin, “5-FU” for fluorouracil).

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107
Q

Importance of Accurate Transcription:

A

Ensures patient safety and effective medication administration.

Reduces the risk of errors in dispensing medications.

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108
Q

What is a prescription?

A

A written order from a licensed healthcare provider for a specific medication to be dispensed to a patient.

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109
Q

Why are prescriptions important?

A

They ensure that patients receive the correct medication, dosage, and instructions for safe use.

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110
Q

What information is included in the prescriber information section?

A

Name of the prescriber
Address
Town and Province
Postal Code
Phone Number

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111
Q

What is the purpose of the prescriber information?

A

It identifies the healthcare provider responsible for the prescription.

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112
Q

What details are included in the patient information section?

A

Patient’s Name
Address
Phone Number
Relevant information (e.g., weight for pediatric patients)

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113
Q

Why is patient information important?

A

It ensures the medication is prescribed for the correct individual.

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114
Q

What does the date on a prescription indicate?

A

The date on which the prescription is written, essential for tracking validity and timing.

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115
Q

What does the “Rx” symbol signify?

A

It indicates that the following information pertains to a prescription, derived from the Latin word “recipe,” meaning “take.”

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116
Q

What is included in the inscription section of a prescription?

A

Medication prescribed (e.g., Amoxil 500mg)

Strength and form (e.g., 1 cap PO q8h uf)

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117
Q

What is the purpose of the inscription?

A

It specifies the exact medication and dosage for the patient.

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118
Q

Give an example of a signa instruction.

A

“1 cap PO q8h uf” means taking one capsule by mouth every 8 hours as needed.

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119
Q

What does the signa section provide?

A

Directions for the patient on how to take the medication (commonly called the sig).

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120
Q

What is included in the subscription section?

A

Instructions to the pharmacist on how to dispense the medication (e.g., M: 21 capsules).

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121
Q

What is the purpose of the subscription?

A

It guides the pharmacist in preparing the medication for the patient.

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122
Q

Why is the prescriber’s signature required on a prescription?

A

It confirms that the prescriber has authorized the medication and its instructions, making the prescription valid.

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123
Q

What information is provided regarding refills and intervals?

A

Number of refills allowed (Repeat ____ Times)

Intervals for medication (_____ Days Apart)

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124
Q

What is the significance of refills and intervals in a prescription?

A

They provide guidelines for how often the patient can obtain refills and the schedule for taking the medication.

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125
Q

What are the key sections of a prescription?

A

1- Prescriber Information
2 - Patient Information
3 - Date
4 - Rx (Superscription)
5 - Inscription
6 - Signa
7 - Subscription
8 - Signature
9 - Refills and Intervals

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126
Q

What is the role of the prescriber in the prescription process?

A

The prescriber is responsible for evaluating the patient’s condition, determining the appropriate medication, and providing clear instructions for its use.

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127
Q

How does including a patient’s weight enhance safety in prescriptions?

A

It allows for accurate dosage calculations, especially in pediatric patients, minimizing the risk of underdosing or overdosing.

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128
Q

What does “PO” stand for in prescription instructions?

A

“PO” stands for “per os,” which means “by mouth.”

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129
Q

What does “q8h” indicate in a prescription?

A

“q8h” means “every 8 hours,” indicating the frequency of medication administration.

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130
Q

What does “uf” mean in the context of a prescription?

A

“uf” stands for “as needed,” indicating that the medication should be taken only when necessary.

131
Q

What is the significance of the “M:” notation in the subscription section?

A

“M:” indicates the total amount of medication prescribed (e.g., M: 21 capsules means 21 capsules are to be dispensed).

132
Q

What are the implications of a missing signature on a prescription?

A

A missing signature can render the prescription invalid, leading to potential legal issues, medication errors, and delays in patient care.

133
Q

How does the prescription template facilitate communication between prescribers and pharmacists?

A

It provides clear instructions through sections like Subscription and Signa, ensuring pharmacists understand how to dispense the medication correctly.

134
Q

What is the purpose of the “Do Not Repeat” section in a prescription?

A

It indicates that the prescription should not be refilled beyond the specified number of times or intervals.

135
Q

Why is it important for prescriptions to be standardized?

A

Standardization helps prevent errors, ensures clarity, and promotes safe medication practices across healthcare settings.

136
Q

What should be done if a prescription is unclear or incomplete?

A

The pharmacist should contact the prescriber for clarification before dispensing the medication to ensure patient safety.

137
Q

What is the role of the pharmacist in the prescription process?

A

The pharmacist verifies the prescription, dispenses the medication, provides patient counseling, and ensures safe medication use.

138
Q

What is the purpose of the “Inscription” section in a prescription?

A

It details the specific medication prescribed, including its generic or brand name, strength, and dosage form.

139
Q

What information is typically included in the “Refills” section?

A

The number of times the prescription can be refilled and any specific instructions regarding the timing of those refills.

140
Q

What does the term “Subscription” refer to in a prescription?

A

It refers to the instructions given to the pharmacist on how to prepare and dispense the medication.

141
Q

Why is it important to include the patient’s phone number in the prescription?

A

It allows the pharmacist or healthcare provider to contact the patient for any clarifications or follow-up regarding the medication.

142
Q

What does the “Date” section signify in a prescription?

A

It indicates when the prescription was written, which is crucial for determining the validity period of the prescription.

143
Q

How does the prescription template enhance patient safety?

A

By providing a standardized format that includes all necessary information, reducing the risk of errors in medication dispensing.

144
Q

What is the significance of including the prescriber’s fax number?

A

It allows for quick communication between the pharmacy and the prescriber, facilitating clarifications or additional information if needed.

145
Q

What does “Amoxil 500mg” represent in the prescription?

A

It is the specific medication being prescribed, indicating the brand name (Amoxil) and its strength (500mg).

146
Q

What does the abbreviation “q” stand for in prescription instructions?

A

“q” stands for “quaque,” which means “every” in Latin, used to indicate frequency.

147
Q

What is the role of the “Signature” section in a prescription?

A

It confirms the prescriber’s authorization of the medication and its instructions, making the prescription legally valid.

148
Q

How can the prescription template help in managing chronic conditions?

A

By clearly outlining medication regimens, refills, and intervals, it supports adherence to treatment plans for chronic conditions.

149
Q

What should a pharmacist do if a prescription lacks necessary information?

A

The pharmacist should reach out to the prescriber for clarification to ensure safe and effective medication dispensing.

150
Q

What is the importance of the “Patient Information” section?

A

It ensures that the medication is tailored to the specific needs of the patient, including any relevant medical history.

151
Q

What does “uf” indicate in the context of medication instructions?

A

“uf” means “as needed,” indicating that the medication should be taken only when necessary.

152
Q

Why is it essential to have clear directions in the “Signa” section?

A

Clear directions help patients understand how to take their medication correctly, which is vital for treatment effectiveness and safety.

153
Q

What is the significance of the “Rx” symbol in a prescription?

A

The “Rx” symbol indicates that the document is a prescription, derived from the Latin word “recipe,” meaning “take.”

154
Q

What information is captured in the “Prescriber Information” section?

A

It includes the prescriber’s name, address, phone number, and fax number, which helps identify the healthcare provider.

155
Q

How does the prescription template address pediatric patients specifically?

A

It includes a note to obtain the child’s weight, which is crucial for calculating appropriate dosages.

156
Q

What does “1 cap PO q8h uf” mean in a prescription?

A

It means the patient should take 1 capsule by mouth every 8 hours as needed.

157
Q

Why is the “Patient Information” section important?

A

It ensures that the medication is appropriate for the patient and allows for personalized care based on their medical history.

158
Q

What does “Repeat ____ Times” indicate in a prescription?

A

It specifies how many times the prescription can be refilled, guiding the patient and pharmacist on medication access.

159
Q

What role does the “Signature” of the prescriber play in the prescription?

A

The signature validates the prescription, confirming that the prescriber has authorized the medication and its instructions.

160
Q

How does the prescription template help prevent medication errors?

A

By providing a standardized format that includes all necessary sections, it reduces ambiguity and enhances clarity for both prescribers and pharmacists.

161
Q

What is the purpose of the “Do Not Repeat” section in a prescription?

A

It indicates that the prescription should not be refilled beyond the specified number of times, ensuring controlled medication use.

162
Q

How can the “Intervals” section impact patient adherence?

A

By clearly stating how often medication should be taken, it helps patients follow their treatment regimen more effectively.

163
Q

What should a pharmacist do if they notice discrepancies in a prescription?

A

They should contact the prescriber for clarification to ensure the patient receives the correct medication and dosage.

164
Q

Why is it important for the prescription to include the date it was written?

A

The date helps determine the validity of the prescription and ensures timely medication management.

165
Q

What does “M: 21 capsules” indicate in the prescription?

A

It specifies the total quantity of medication to be dispensed, in this case, 21 capsules.

166
Q

How does the prescription template support effective communication between healthcare providers?

A

It standardizes the information shared, making it easier for prescribers and pharmacists to understand and act on the prescription.

167
Q

What is the importance of including the patient’s phone number in the prescription?

A

It allows for follow-up communication regarding the medication, ensuring the patient understands how to use it properly.

168
Q

What is the primary function of the “Prescriber Information” section?

A

It identifies the healthcare provider, including their name, address, phone number, and fax number, ensuring clear communication.

169
Q

Why is the “Patient Information” section critical in a prescription?

A

It captures essential details about the patient, such as name, address, and phone number, which are necessary for personalized care.

170
Q

What does the “Date” on a prescription indicate?

A

It shows when the prescription was written, which is important for tracking the validity and timing of medication use.

171
Q

What does the “Inscription” section include?

A

It lists the medication prescribed, including the generic or brand name, strength, and dosage form.

172
Q

What is the purpose of the “Signa” section in a prescription?

A

It provides specific directions for the patient on how to take the medication, ensuring proper usage.

173
Q

How does the “Subscription” section assist pharmacists?

A

It contains instructions on how to prepare and dispense the medication, guiding the pharmacist in their role.

174
Q

What does the “Refills” section indicate?

A

It specifies how many times the prescription can be refilled, which is crucial for ongoing medication management.

175
Q

Why is the prescriber’s signature essential on a prescription?

A

It validates the prescription, confirming that the prescriber has authorized the medication and its instructions.

176
Q

What does “M: 21 capsules” signify in the prescription?

A

It indicates the total quantity of medication to be dispensed, in this case, 21 capsules.

177
Q

How does including patient weight enhance safety in pediatric prescriptions?

A

It allows for accurate dosage calculations based on the child’s weight, minimizing the risk of underdosing or overdosing.

178
Q

What does “1 cap PO q8h uf” mean in the context of medication instructions?

A

It instructs the patient to take 1 capsule by mouth every 8 hours as needed.

179
Q

What is the significance of the “Do Not Repeat” section?

A

It indicates that the prescription should not be refilled beyond the specified number of times, ensuring controlled medication use.

180
Q

How does the prescription template facilitate communication between prescribers and pharmacists?

A

It provides a clear and standardized format that reduces ambiguity and enhances understanding of medication instructions.

181
Q

What should a pharmacist do if a prescription lacks necessary information?

A

They should contact the prescriber for clarification to ensure safe and effective medication dispensing.

182
Q

Why is it important for the prescription to include the patient’s phone number?

A

It allows for follow-up communication regarding the medication, ensuring the patient understands how to use it properly.

183
Q

Prescriber Information

A

Importance: Identifies the healthcare provider responsible for the prescription.

Details Included: Name, address, phone number, and fax number.

184
Q

Patient Information

A

Importance: Ensures the medication is appropriate for the individual.

Details Included: Name, address, phone number, and relevant information (e.g., weight for pediatric patients).

185
Q

Date

A

Importance: Indicates when the prescription was written, which is crucial for tracking validity.

186
Q

Rx (Superscription)

A

Meaning: The symbol “Rx” signifies a prescription and is derived from the Latin word “recipe,” meaning “take.”

187
Q

Inscription

A

Details Included: Lists the medication prescribed, including:
Generic or brand name
Strength
Dosage form

188
Q

Signa (Directions)

A

Purpose: Provides clear instructions for the patient on how to take the medication.

189
Q

Subscription

A

Purpose: Contains instructions for the pharmacist on how to dispense the medication.

190
Q

Signature

A

Importance: The prescriber’s signature is required for the prescription’s validity, confirming authorization.

191
Q

Refills and Intervals

A

Refills: Indicates how many times the prescription can be refilled.

Intervals: Specifies the timing for medication refills, which helps in managing patient adherence.

192
Q

Pediatric Considerations

A

Weight: Including the patient’s weight is essential for calculating appropriate dosages for children.

193
Q

Medication Instructions

A

Example: “1 cap PO q8h uf” means the patient should take 1 capsule by mouth every 8 hours as needed.

194
Q

Communication

A

Facilitation: The template standardizes communication between prescribers and pharmacists, reducing the risk of errors.

195
Q

Legal Implications

A

Missing Signature: A prescription without a signature may be considered invalid, leading to potential legal issues and medication errors.

196
Q

1 TAB TID PRN

A

Transcription: Take 1 tablet by mouth three times daily as needed.

Steps:
“1 TAB” = 1 tablet
“TID” = three times a day
“PRN” = as needed

197
Q

1 SUPP PR QHS

A

Transcription: Unwrap and insert 1 suppository rectally every evening at bedtime.

Steps:
“1 SUPP” = 1 suppository
“PR” = per rectum
“QHS” = every night at bedtime

198
Q

1 CAP QID CC

A

Transcription: Take 1 capsule by mouth four times daily with meals.

Steps:
“1 CAP” = 1 capsule
“QID” = four times a day
“CC” = with meals

199
Q

2 TAB AC BID

A

Transcription: Take 2 tablets by mouth twice daily before meals.

Steps:
“2 TAB” = 2 tablets
“AC” = before meals
“BID” = twice a day

200
Q

1 OD UD

A

Transcription: Instill 1 drop into the right eye as directed by the physician.

Steps:
“1 OD” = 1 drop in the right eye
“UD” = as directed

201
Q

2 GTT AU Q2H

A

Transcription: Instill 2 drops into each ear every 2 hours.

Steps:
“2 GTT” = 2 drops
“AU” = both ears
“Q2H” = every 2 hours

202
Q

1 TSP QHS PRN COUGH

A

Transcription: Take 5 mLs by mouth every evening as needed for cough.

Steps:
“1 TSP” = 1 teaspoon (5 mLs)
“QHS” = every night at bedtime
“PRN COUGH” = as needed for cough

203
Q

3 PO CAP Q3H X 5D

A

Transcription: Take 3 capsules by mouth every 3 hours for 5 days.

Steps:
“3 PO CAP” = 3 capsules by mouth
“Q3H” = every 3 hours
“X 5D” = for 5 days

204
Q

1 GTT QID OS

A

Transcription: Instill 1 drop into the left eye four times daily.

Steps:
“1 GTT” = 1 drop
“QID” = four times a day
“OS” = into the left eye

205
Q

2 STAT, 1 Q4H X 10D

A

Transcription: Take 2 tablets by mouth now, then take 1 tablet every 4 hours for 10 days.

Steps:
“2 STAT” = Take 2 tablets now
“1 Q4H” = then take 1 tablet every 4 hours
“X 10D” = for 10 days

206
Q

1 TAB PO HS

A

Transcription: Take 1 tablet by mouth every evening at bedtime.

Steps:
“1 TAB” = 1 tablet
“PO” = by mouth
“HS” = at bedtime

207
Q

1 CAP PO QAM

A

Transcription: Take 1 capsule by mouth every morning.

Steps:
“1 CAP” = 1 capsule
“PO” = by mouth
“QAM” = every morning

208
Q

1 TAB PO TID PC

A

Transcription: Take 1 tablet by mouth three times daily after meals.

Steps:
“1 TAB” = 1 tablet
“PO” = by mouth
“TID” = three times a day
“PC” = after meals

209
Q

2 PUFF AM & 1 HS PRN

A

Transcription: Inhale 2 puffs every morning, and 1 puff in the evening as needed.

Steps:
“2 PUFF” = 2 puffs
“AM” = in the morning
“1 HS” = 1 puff at bedtime
“PRN” = as needed

210
Q

2 TAB QOD

A

Transcription: Take 2 tablets by mouth every other day.

Steps:
“2 TAB” = 2 tablets
“QOD” = every other day

211
Q

1 TAB PO AM, 2 PM, 1 HS

A

Transcription: Take 1 tablet by mouth in the morning, 2 tablets in the afternoon, and 1 tablet at bedtime.

Steps:
“1 TAB” = 1 tablet
“PO” = by mouth
“AM” = in the morning
“2 PM” = 2 tablets in the afternoon
“1 HS” = 1 tablet at bedtime

212
Q

1 CAP PO Q2D X 30D

A

Transcription: Take 1 capsule by mouth every 2 days for 30 days.

Steps:
“1 CAP” = 1 capsule
“PO” = by mouth
“Q2D” = every 2 days
“X 30D” = for 30 days

213
Q

2 TAB PO TID CC

A

Transcription: Take 2 tablets by mouth three times a day with meals.

Steps:
“2 TAB” = 2 tablets
“PO” = by mouth
“TID” = three times a day
“CC” = with meals

214
Q

1 PO CAP QHS X 10/7

A

Transcription: Take 1 capsule by mouth every evening at bedtime for 7 days.

Steps:
“1 PO CAP” = 1 capsule by mouth
“QHS” = every evening at bedtime
“X 10/7” = for 7 days

215
Q

1 Q2H OD

A

Transcription: Instill 1 drop into the right eye every 2 hours.

Steps:
“1” = 1 drop
“Q2H” = every 2 hours
“OD” = into the right eye

216
Q

II QID X 10 DAYS

A

Transcription: Take 2 tablets by mouth four times daily for 10 days.

Steps:
“II” = 2 tablets
“QID” = four times a day
“X 10 DAYS” = for 10 days

217
Q

II Q2H X 8D

A

Transcription: Take 2 tablets by mouth every 2 hours for 8 days.

Steps:
“II” = 2 tablets
“Q2H” = every 2 hours
“X 8D” = for 8 days

218
Q

SS TSP QID X 14 DAYS

A

Transcription: Take ½ teaspoon by mouth four times daily for 14 days.

Steps:
“SS” = ½ (half)
“TSP” = teaspoon
“QID” = four times a day
“X 14 DAYS” = for 14 days

219
Q

15 ML BID X 4 DOSES

A

Transcription: Take 15 mL by mouth twice daily for 4 doses.

Steps:
“15 ML” = 15 milliliters
“BID” = twice a day
“X 4 DOSES” = for 4 doses

220
Q

5 ML PO BID X 4/7

A

Transcription: Take 5 mL by mouth twice daily for 4 days.

Steps:
“5 ML” = 5 milliliters
“PO” = by mouth
“BID” = twice a day
“X 4/7” = for 4 days

221
Q

1 TAB TID AC X 10 DAYS

A

Transcription: Take 1 tablet by mouth three times daily before meals for 10 days.

Steps:
“1 TAB” = 1 tablet
“TID” = three times a day
“AC” = before meals
“X 10 DAYS” = for 10 days

222
Q

I STAT, II Q6H PRN

A

Transcription: Take 1 tablet by mouth immediately, then take 2 tablets every 6 hours as needed.

Steps:
“I” = 1 tablet
“STAT” = immediately
“II” = 2 tablets
“Q6H” = every 6 hours
“PRN” = as needed

223
Q

1 Q2-3H PRN X 10 DAYS

A

Transcription: Take 1 tablet by mouth every 2 to 3 hours as needed for 10 days.

Steps:
“1” = 1 tablet
“Q2-3H” = every 2 to 3 hours
“PRN” = as needed
“X 10 DAYS” = for 10 days

224
Q

II Q4-6H X 1/52

A

Transcription: Take 2 tablets by mouth every 4 to 6 hours for 1 week.

Steps:
“II” = 2 tablets
“Q4-6H” = every 4 to 6 hours
“X 1/52” = for 1 week

225
Q

5 ML TID X 10/7 PC

A

Transcription: Take 5 mL by mouth three times daily after meals for 10 days.

Steps:
“5 ML” = 5 milliliters
“TID” = three times a day
“PC” = after meals
“X 10/7” = for 10 days

226
Q

1 QOD X 1/12

A

Transcription: Take 1 tablet by mouth every other day for 1 month.

Steps:
“1” = 1 tablet
“QOD” = every other day
“X 1/12” = for 1 month

227
Q

1 PV QHS X 3D

A

Transcription: Insert 1 suppository vaginally every evening at bedtime for 3 days.

Steps:
“1” = 1 suppository
“PV” = vaginally
“QHS” = every evening at bedtime
“X 3D” = for 3 days

228
Q

1 TID CC AND QHS X 6 DAYS

A

Transcription: Take 1 tablet by mouth three times daily with meals and every evening at bedtime for 6 days.

Steps:
“1” = 1 tablet
“TID” = three times a day
“CC” = with meals
“AND QHS” = and every evening at bedtime
“X 6 DAYS” = for 6 days

229
Q

1 QD C LUNCH FOR 10/7

A

Transcription: Take 1 tablet by mouth every day with lunch for 10 days.

Steps:
“1” = 1 tablet
“QD” = every day
“C” = with
“LUNCH” = lunch
“FOR 10/7” = for 10 days

230
Q

4QD X 4DAYS, 3QD X 4DAYS, 2QD X 4DAYS, 1QD X 5DAYS

A

Transcription: Take 4 tablets by mouth every day for 4 days, then 3 tablets every day for 4 days, then 2 tablets every day for 4 days, then 1 tablet every day for 5 days.

Steps:
“4QD X 4DAYS” = 4 tablets every day for 4 days
“3QD X 4DAYS” = 3 tablets every day for 4 days
“2QD X 4DAYS” = 2 tablets every day for 4 days
“1QD X 5DAYS” = 1 tablet every day for 5 days

231
Q

15 – 30 ML TID X 3/52

A

Transcription: Take 15 to 30 mL by mouth three times daily for 3 weeks.
Steps:
“15 – 30 ML” = 15 to 30 milliliters
“TID” = three times a day
“X 3/52” = for 3 weeks

232
Q

1 SL TID PRN SOB

A

Transcription: Take 1 tablet sublingually three times daily as needed for shortness of breath.

Steps:
“1” = 1 tablet
“SL” = sublingually
“TID” = three times a day
“PRN” = as needed
“SOB” = shortness of breath

233
Q

1 SS BID PRN

A

Transcription: Take ½ tablet by mouth twice daily as needed.

Steps:
“1 SS” = ½ (half) tablet
“BID” = twice a day
“PRN” = as needed

234
Q

1 PR BID AND AFTER EACH BM X 3/7

A

Transcription: Insert 1 suppository rectally twice daily and after each bowel movement for 3 days.

Steps:
“1” = 1 suppository
“PR” = rectally
“BID” = twice a day
“AND AFTER EACH BM” = and after each bowel movement
“X 3/7” = for 3 days

235
Q

1 TAB PO QOD ALTERNATING WITH 2 TABS X 2/52

A

Transcription: Take 1 tablet by mouth every other day, alternating with 2 tablets every other day for 2 weeks.

Steps:
“1 TAB” = 1 tablet
“PO” = by mouth
“QOD” = every other day
“ALTERNATING WITH 2 TABS” = alternating with 2 tablets
“X 2/52” = for 2 weeks

236
Q

A

A

ad (to)

237
Q

AA

A

ante meridiem (before noon)

238
Q

AC

A

ante cibum

239
Q

AD

A

auris dextra (right ear)

240
Q

AMP

A

ampule (a small sealed vial)

241
Q

AQ

A

aqua (water)

242
Q

AS

A

auris sinistra (left ear)

243
Q

AD LIB

A

ad libitum (as desired)

244
Q

AU

A

auris utraque (both ears)

245
Q

C

A

centum (hundred)

245
Q

BID

A

bis in die (twice a day)

246
Q

CAP

A

capsule (a form of medication)

247
Q

CC

A

cubic centimeter (ml)

248
Q

GTT

A

guttae (drops)

249
Q

H

A

hora (hour)

250
Q

HS

A

hora somni (at bedtime)

251
Q

IC

A

intracardiac (within the heart)

252
Q

IM

A

intramuscular (within the muscle)

253
Q

IV

A

intravenous (within the vein)

254
Q

INJ

A

injection (a method of delivering medication)

255
Q

LIQ

A

liquid (a form of medication)

256
Q

MITTE

A

send (to dispense)

257
Q

ML

A

millilitre (a unit of volume)

258
Q

NOCT

A

nocte (at night)

259
Q

NPO

A

ni per os (nothing by mouth)

260
Q

OD

A

oculus dexter (right eye)

261
Q

OS

A

oculus sinister (left eye)

262
Q

OU

A

oculus uterque (both eyes)

263
Q

OZ

A

ounce (a unit of weight)

264
Q

PC

A

post cibum (After meals)

265
Q

PO

A

per os (by mouth)

266
Q

PER RECT

A

per rectum (by rectum)

267
Q

PRN

A

pro re nata (as needed)

268
Q

PRN PAIN

A

as needed for pain

269
Q

Q

A

quaque (every)

270
Q

QAM

A

quaque ante meridiem (every morning)

271
Q

QD

A

quaque die (every day)

272
Q

QH

A

quaque hora (every hour)

273
Q

Q2H

A

quaque 2 hora (every 2 hours)

274
Q

Q4H

A

quaque 4 hora (every 4 hours)

275
Q

Q6H

A

quaque 6 hora (every 6 hours)

276
Q

QID

A

quarter in die (four times a day)

277
Q

QS

A

quantum sufficit (a sufficient quantity)

278
Q

QS AD

A

a sufficient quantity in the right ear

279
Q

RX

A

recipe (intake)

280
Q

S

A

sine (without)

281
Q

SC

A

subcutaneously (under the skin)

282
Q

SL

A

sublingually (under the tongue)

283
Q

SOB

A

shortness of breath

284
Q

SS

A

half (1/2)

285
Q

SIG

A

signa (label)

286
Q

SUPP

A

suppository (a form of medication)

287
Q

STAT

A

statim (immediately)

288
Q

SYR

A

syrup (a form of medication)

288
Q

TAB

A

tablet (a form of medication)

289
Q

TBSP

A

tablespoon (a unit of volume)

290
Q

TPN

A

total parenteral nutrition (nutrition provided intravenously)

291
Q

TSP

A

teaspoon (a unit of volume)

292
Q

TR

A

tincture (a solution of alcohol and medicinal substances)

293
Q

TUSS

A

tussis (cough)

294
Q

TID

A

ter in die (three times a day)

295
Q

UD

A

ut dictum (as directed)

296
Q

UNG

A

unguentum (ointment)

297
Q

VAG

A

vaginally (in the vagina)

298
Q

Haloperidol 5.0 mg

A

Correct to Haloperidol 5 mg (remove the trailing zero).

299
Q

Synthroid .15 mg

A

Correct to Synthroid 0.15 mg (add a leading zero).

300
Q

Atorvastatin 10mg

A

Correct to Atorvastatin 10 mg (add a space before the unit).

301
Q

MgSO4

A

Correct to Magnesium sulfate (spell out the name).

302
Q

Voltaren ointment 50 gm

A

Correct to Voltaren ointment 50 g (use “g” for grams).

303
Q

Digoxin 0.25 mgm

A

Correct to Digoxin 0.25 mg (use “mg” instead of “mgm”).

304
Q

Humulin NPH 25 U

A

Correct to Humulin NPH 25 units (spell out “units”).

305
Q

Warfarin 5 mg qod

A

Correct to Warfarin 5 mg every other day (spell out “qod”).

306
Q

Common Medication Order Errors

A

Avoid trailing zeros; use leading zeros; spell out medication names to prevent confusion.

307
Q

What is the primary purpose of calculating prescription quantities?

A

To determine the correct amount of medication to dispense when prescriptions lack complete information.

308
Q

How do you calculate total quantity when the prescription includes days supply?

A

Multiply the daily dosage by the number of days prescribed.

Example: “Take 2 tablets by mouth twice daily for 30 days” → 2 × 2 × 30 = 120 tablets.

309
Q

What is the calculation method when the prescription has total quantity but no days supply?

A

Divide the total quantity by the daily dosage.

Example: “Take 2 tablets by mouth once daily - Dispense 120” → 120 ÷ 2 = 60 days supply.

310
Q

How should you handle prescriptions with varied instructions?

A

Assume the highest usage for calculations.

Example: “Take 1 to 2 tablets by mouth twice daily as needed for 10 days” → 2 × 2 × 10 = 40 tablets total.

311
Q

Why is calculating days supply important?

A

It affects insurance reimbursement and ensures patients receive the correct amount of medication.

312
Q

What does the abbreviation “BID” stand for?

A

Twice a day.

313
Q

What does “PRN” mean in a prescription?

A

As needed.

314
Q

What is the meaning of “AC” in medication instructions?

A

Before meals.

315
Q

What does “TID” indicate?

A

Three times a day.

316
Q

What is a common error when writing medication orders?

A

Using ambiguous abbreviations that can lead to misinterpretation.

317
Q

How should “Digoxin 0.25 mgm” be corrected?

A

It should be written as “Digoxin 0.25 mg.”

318
Q

What is the correct way to write “Haloperidol 5.0 mg”?

A

Haloperidol 5 mg (remove the trailing zero).

319
Q

Why is it important to use leading zeros in medication orders?

A

To prevent misinterpretation of dosages, especially with decimals.

320
Q

What should you do if a prescription is unclear?

A

Always clarify with the prescriber to avoid medication errors.

321
Q

What is the significance of completing a Dispensing Math Worksheet?

A

It reinforces learning and helps ensure accuracy in calculations.

322
Q
A

4 - PA 1 - Calculations (15 decks)

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