Module 2 Flashcards
What are the letters used in the Roman numeral system?
S, I, V, X, L, C, D, M.
What does the letter “S” represent in Roman numerals?
0.5 (ss).
What is the value of “I” in Roman numerals?
1
What is the value of “V” in Roman numerals?
5
What is the value of “X” in Roman numerals?
10.
What is the value of “L” in Roman numerals?
50
What is the value of “C” in Roman numerals?
100.
What is the value of “D” in Roman numerals?
500
What is the value of “M” in Roman numerals?
1000.
When are values added in Roman numerals?
When a numeral is repeated or a smaller numeral follows a larger one.
Give an example of adding Roman numerals.
II = I + I = 2; VII = 5 + 1 + 1 = 7.
When is subtraction used in Roman numerals?
When a smaller numeral comes before a larger numeral.
Provide an example of subtraction in Roman numerals.
IV = 5 - 1 = 4; IX = 10 - 1 = 9.
What numerals can be used before larger ones for subtraction?
I before V and X; X before L and C; C before D and M.
What is a rule regarding V, L, and D in Roman numerals?
V, L, and D are never subtracted.
Can more than one smaller numeral be placed in front of a larger one for subtraction?
No, only one smaller numeral can be placed in front.
What happens when a smaller numeral is between two larger numerals?
Subtract the smaller numeral from the numeral following it.
Can V, L, and D be placed in front of larger numbers for subtraction?
No, they cannot.
How many times can numerals be repeated in sequence?
No more than three times.
What is an example of a numeral that cannot be repeated more than three times?
XXXX does not equal 40; XL = 40.
What is the significance of understanding Roman numerals?
It is essential for interpreting historical documents, clock faces, and various modern applications.
What are time conventions?
Systems used to represent time, essential for clear communication and scheduling.
Describe the 12-hour clock system.
Divides the day into two segments: AM (1 AM to 12 PM) and PM (1 PM to 12 AM).
How is midnight represented in the 12-hour clock?
Midnight is represented as 12:00 AM.
How is noon represented in the 12-hour clock?
Noon is represented as 12:00 PM.
Where is the 12-hour clock system predominantly used?
In the U.S. and Canada.
Describe the 24-hour clock system.
Runs continuously from 00:00 (midnight) to 23:59, with each hour represented by a two-digit number.
How is midnight represented in the 24-hour clock?
Midnight is represented as 00:00 (start of the day).
How is the end of the day represented in the 24-hour clock?
The end of the day is represented as 24:00.
What is the international standard for time representation?
The 24-hour clock system (ISO 8601).
What is a key advantage of the 24-hour clock over the 12-hour clock?
It eliminates ambiguity in time representation (e.g., 13:00 clearly indicates 1 PM).
What are the formats for displaying time in the 24-hour system?
Four-digit number (e.g., 0000)
With a colon (e.g., 00:00)
With a period (e.g., 00.00)
Why might different formats be used in the 24-hour system?
Different formats may be preferred in various contexts, such as digital displays or written documentation.
Convert 1:00 AM to the 24-hour clock.
01:00
Convert 5:00 PM to the 24-hour clock.
17:00
Convert 12:00 PM to the 24-hour clock.
12:00
What is the significance of mastering both time conventions?
It enhances clarity in communication and scheduling.
Provide an example of when to use the 12-hour clock.
Provide an example of when to use the 12-hour clock.
Provide an example of when to use the 24-hour clock.
In military contexts, international travel, or formal documentation.
What are the two main temperature scales discussed?
Celsius (°C) and Fahrenheit (°F).
What is the freezing point of water in Celsius and Fahrenheit?
0°C (Celsius) and 32°F (Fahrenheit).
What is the boiling point of water in Celsius and Fahrenheit?
100°C (Celsius) and 212°F (Fahrenheit).
What is the formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit?
°F=(1.8×C)+32
What is the formula to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?
°C= (F - 32) / 1.8
Convert 0°F to Celsius.
°C= (0 - 32) / 1.8 = −17.8°C
Convert 72°F to Celsius.
°C= (72 - 32) / 1.8
=22.2°C
Convert 85°C to Fahrenheit.
°F= (1.8×85) + 32 = 185°F
Convert 40°C to Fahrenheit.
°F= (1.8 × 40) + 32 = 104°F
Why is rounding important in temperature conversions?
Rounding to the nearest tenths enhances clarity and precision, especially in scientific and medical contexts.
What is the normal body temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit?
37°C = 98.6°F.
What is the temperature for storing vaccine serum in Celsius and Fahrenheit?
7°C = 44.6°F.
Why is it important to understand both Celsius and Fahrenheit?
It is essential for clear communication, scheduling, and avoiding confusion in various contexts, such as healthcare and cooking.
What is the significance of averaging multiple temperature readings?
Averaging provides a more accurate representation of a person’s body temperature over time, which is crucial for monitoring health.
Convert 100°F to Celsius.
°C= (100 - 32) / 1.8 = 37.8°C
Convert 19°C to Fahrenheit.
°F = (1.8 × 19) + 32 = 66.2°F
What is the conversion for 94.2°F to Celsius?
°C = (94.2 - 32) / 1.8 = 34.6°C
What is the conversion for 36.4°C to Fahrenheit?
°F = (1.8 × 36.4) + 32 = 97.52°F
What is the Roman numeral for 1?
I
What is the Roman numeral for 5?
V
What is the Roman numeral for 10?
X
What is the Roman numeral for 50?
L
What is the Roman numeral for 100?
C
What is the Roman numeral for 500?
D
What is the Roman numeral for 1000?
M
What is the Roman numeral for 0.5?
SS
How do you add Roman numerals?
When a numeral is repeated or a smaller numeral follows a larger one, values are added together.
Give an example of adding Roman numerals.
II = I + I = 2; VII = 5 + 1 + 1 = 7.
How do you subtract Roman numerals?
When a smaller numeral comes before a larger numeral, subtract the smaller value.
Give an example of subtracting Roman numerals.
IV = 5 - 1 = 4; IX = 10 - 1 = 9.
What numerals can be used before larger ones for subtraction?
I can be used before V and X; X can be used before L and C; C can be used before D and M.
What are the restrictions on V, L, and D in Roman numerals?
V, L, and D are never subtracted and cannot be placed in front of a larger number for subtraction.
Can smaller numerals be repeated in front of larger ones for subtraction?
No, never put more than one smaller numeral in front of a larger one for subtracting.
What happens when a smaller numeral is between two larger numerals?
Subtract the smaller numeral from the numeral following it.
What is the rule for repeating numerals?
Numerals cannot be repeated more than three times in sequence.
Give an example of a valid and invalid repetition in Roman numerals.
Valid: III = 3; Invalid: XXXX does not equal 40 (use XL = 40).
Why is understanding Roman numerals important?
They are used in historical texts, clock faces, and certain legal documents.
What is the significance of the Roman numeral system?
It reflects historical practices and continues to have relevance today.
What are the three main types of measurement systems used in pharmacy?
Apothecary, Household, and Metric.
Why is it important for pharmacy assistants to memorize conversion factors?
To complete tasks quickly and efficiently without needing to look up conversions, ensuring accuracy in medication dispensing.
How do you convert fluid ounces to milliliters?
Use the conversion: 1 fluid ounce = 30 mL. For example, to convert 6 fl oz:
6 fl oz × 30 mL/fl oz=180 mL
What is the metric conversion for 1 teaspoon?
1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 milliliters (mL).
What is the metric conversion for 1 tablespoon?
1 tablespoon (tbsp) = 15 milliliters (mL).
What is the metric conversion for 1 cup?
1 cup = 250 milliliters (mL).
What is the metric conversion for 1 pint?
1 pint = 500 milliliters (mL).
What is the metric conversion for 1 quart?
1 quart = 1,000 milliliters (mL).
What is the metric conversion for 1 gallon?
1 gallon = 4,000 milliliters (mL).
What is the conversion for 1 pound in grams?
1 pound (lb) = 454 grams (g).
What is the best practice regarding the apothecary system?
It is recommended to convert to the Metric system and perform all calculations within the Metric system.
What is the conversion for 1 minim in milliliters?
1 minim = 0.06 milliliters (mL).
What is the conversion for 1 fluid dram in milliliters?
1 fluid dram = 5 milliliters (mL).
What is the conversion for 1 grain in milligrams?
1 grain = 60 milligrams (mg).
What mnemonic can help remember metric conversions?
“King Henry Died Drinking Chocolate Milk.”
How do you convert 8 mL to drops (gtts)?
Use the conversion: 1 mL = 20 drops. Therefore,
8 mL × 20 gtts/mL = 160 gtts
What is the conversion for 25 grams to milliliters?
Use the conversion: 1 g = 1 mL (for water). Therefore, 25 g = 25 mL.
How do you convert 21 drams to grams?
Use the conversion: 1 dram = 5 grams. Therefore,
21 drams × 5 g/dram = 105 g
How do you convert 32 grains to milligrams?
Use the conversion: 1 grain = 60 mg. Therefore,
32 grains × 60 mg/grain = 1920 mg
How do you convert 9.6 kg to pounds?
Use the conversion: 1 kg = 2.2 lbs. Therefore,
9.6 kg × 2.2 lbs/kg = 21.12 lbs
What is the relationship between teaspoons and tablespoons?
3 teaspoons (tsp) = 1 tablespoon (tbsp)
How many fluid ounces are in 1 cup?
8 fluid ounces (fl. oz) = 1 cup
Convert 2 cups to pints.
2 cups = 1 pint (pt)
What is the conversion for 1 fluid ounce to milliliters?
1 fluid ounce = 30 mL
How many ounces are in 1 pound?
16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound (lb)
What is the metric equivalent of 1 tablespoon?
1 tablespoon = 15 mL
How many grams are in 1 pound?
1 pound = 454 grams
What is the conversion for 1 quart to milliliters?
1 quart = 1000 mL
What is the apothecary symbol for a fluid ounce?
Fluid ounce is represented by f℥.
How many minims are in 1 fluid dram?
60 minims = 1 fluid dram (fʒ)
Convert 1 grain to milligrams.
1 grain = 60 mg
What is the relationship between scruples and drams?
3 scruples = 1 dram (ʒ)
How many fluid ounces are in 1 pint?
16 fluid ounces (f℥) = 1 pint (pt)
What is the metric equivalent of 1 cup?
1 cup = 250 mL
How many drams are in 1 ounce?
1 ounce (℥) = 6 drams (ʒ)
What is the conversion for 1 fluid dram to milliliters?
1 fluid dram = 5 mL
How many kilograms are in 1 pound?
1 pound = 0.454 kg (or 2.2 lb = 1 kg)
What is the apothecary symbol for a grain?
Grain is represented by gr.
Convert 1 ounce to grams.
1 ounce (℥) = 30 grams.
How many inches are in 1 foot?
1 foot = 12 inches.
What is the metric system?
A decimal-based system of measurement used globally for scientific and everyday purposes.
What are the basic units of measurement in the metric system?
Gram (g), Litre (L), Meter (m).
What does the prefix “kilo” (k) represent?
1000 times the basic unit (e.g., 1 kg = 1000 g).
What does the prefix “hecta” (h) represent?
100 times the basic unit (e.g., 1 hL = 100 L).
What does the prefix “deca” (da) represent?
10 times the basic unit (e.g., 1 daL = 10 L).
What is the value of the basic unit in the metric system?
1 (e.g., 1 g, 1 L, or 1 m).
What does the prefix “deci” (d) represent?
One-tenth of a basic unit (e.g., 1 dL = 0.1 L).
What does the prefix “centi” (c) represent?
One-hundredth of a basic unit (e.g., 1 cL = 0.01 L).
What does the prefix “milli” (m) represent?
One-thousandth of a basic unit (e.g., 1 mL = 0.001 L).
What does the prefix “micro” (µ) represent?
One-millionth of a basic unit (e.g., 1 µg = 0.000001 g).
What does the prefix “nano” (n) represent?
One-billionth of a basic unit (e.g., 1 ng = 0.000000001 g).
What are common metric abbreviations for mass?
Kilogram (kg), Gram (g), Milligram (mg), Microgram (µg).
What are common metric abbreviations for volume?
Kilolitre (kL), Litre (L), Millilitre (mL or cc).
What are common metric abbreviations for length?
Kilometer (km), Meter (m), Millimeter (mm), Micrometer (µm).
What is the relationship between metric units?
1,000,000 µg = 1,000 mg = 1 g = 0.001 kg; 1,000,000 mL = 1,000 L = 0.001 kL; 1,000,000 mm = 1,000 m = 0.001 km.
How do you convert between metric units?
Move the decimal point three places for each prefix change (e.g., 1 kg = 1000 g).
Why is the metric system important?
It provides a universal standard for measurements, facilitating scientific communication and calculations.
