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4 - PA 1 - Calculations > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

Review of Basic Mathematical Skills

1
Q

What is a whole number?

A

A whole number is a number without fractions or decimals, consisting of one or more digits (e.g., 0, 1, 2, 10, 100).

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2
Q

What are the four basic operations you can perform with whole numbers?

A

Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

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3
Q

What is a fraction?

A

A fraction is a part of a whole, consisting of a numerator (top number) and a denominator (bottom number).

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4
Q

What is the difference between a proper fraction and an improper fraction?

A

A proper fraction has a numerator less than the denominator. An improper fraction has a numerator equal to or greater than the denominator.

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5
Q

What is a mixed number?

A

A mixed number contains both a whole number and a fraction (e.g., 2 1/3).

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6
Q

How do you convert an improper fraction to a mixed number?

A

Divide the numerator by the denominator. The quotient becomes the whole number, and the remainder is placed over the original denominator.

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7
Q

What is a decimal?

A

A decimal is a fraction where the denominator is a power of 10, represented with a decimal point (e.g., 0.25).

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8
Q

How do you convert a fraction to a decimal?

A

Divide the numerator by the denominator.

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9
Q

How do you round decimals to the nearest tenth?

A

Look at the hundredths place. If it is 5 or greater, round up. If it is less than 5, leave the tenths place as is.

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10
Q

What is a percentage?

A

A percentage represents a part of 100 (e.g., 50% means 50 out of 100).

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11
Q

How do you convert a percentage to a decimal?

A

Divide the percentage by 100 (e.g., 25% becomes 0.25).

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12
Q

How do you convert a decimal to a percentage?

A

Multiply the decimal by 100 (e.g., 0.75 becomes 75%).

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13
Q

What is a ratio?

A

A ratio is a comparison between two numbers, often expressed as “a to b” or a

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14
Q

What is a proportion?

A

A proportion is an equation that shows two ratios are equal (e.g., 1/2 = 3/6).

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15
Q

How do you solve a proportion?

A

Cross-multiply and then divide to find the unknown value.

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16
Q

Why do you need a common denominator when adding or subtracting fractions?

A

To make the fractions comparable, their denominators must be the same.

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17
Q

How do you simplify a fraction?

A

Divide the numerator and the denominator by their greatest common divisor (GCD).

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18
Q

How do you add or subtract decimals?

A

Align the decimal points and then perform the operation.

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19
Q

How do you multiply fractions?

A

Multiply the numerators together and the denominators together. Simplify if necessary.

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20
Q

How do you divide fractions?

A

Invert the second fraction (take the reciprocal) and multiply.

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21
Q

How do you multiply decimals?

A

Multiply the numbers as if they were whole numbers, then count and place the decimal in the product based on the total number of decimal places in both numbers.

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22
Q

How do you divide decimals?

A

Move the decimal point in the divisor to the right to make it a whole number. Move the decimal in

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23
Q

What are leading and trailing zeros?

A

A leading zero is placed before a decimal for numbers less than one (e.g., 0.5). Trailing zeros follow the decimal and are not needed unless they indicate precision (e.g., 1.50).

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24
Q

Why is estimation important in pharmacy math?

A

Estimation helps ensure that the calculated answer is reasonable, which is critical to avoid medication dosing errors.

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25
Q

How do you convert a percentage to a fraction?

A

Write the percentage as a fraction over 100 and simplify (e.g., 50% becomes 50/100 = 1/2).

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26
Q

How do you calculate a dose using ratio and proportion?

A

Set up a proportion with the known dose and amount and the unknown dose. Solve by cross-multiplying and dividing.

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27
Q

What is 154+376+1,063+25 154+376+1,063+25?

A

The sum is 1,618.

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28
Q

What is
256÷16?

A

The quotient is 16.

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29
Q

Add 1/3 + 2/3

A

The sum is 1

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30
Q

Simplify 25/100

A

1/4

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31
Q

Subtract 7/10 - 3/5. First find the common denominator.

A

1/10

32
Q

Convert the improper fraction 43/8 to a mixed number

A

5 3/8

33
Q

Convert 7/8 to a decimal

A

7/8 = 0.875

34
Q

25.6 + 35.67

A

61.27

35
Q

12.56 x 65.031

A

816.59

36
Q

Round 75.0023 to the nearest hundredth

A

75.00

37
Q

655.08 / 1.2

A

545.90

38
Q

Convert 44% to a fraction

A

44/100, simplifies to 11/25

39
Q

Convert 33% to a decimal

A

0.33

40
Q

Solve proportion: 330/x = 15/5

A

x = 110

41
Q

Express the ratio 5 mg to 25 ml and reduce

A

The reduced ratio is 1:5

42
Q

What is 85% of 200?

A

85% x 200 = 170

43
Q

Estimate 18.32 × 3.7 by rounding.

A

Round to 18 × 4 = 72 (estimate)

43
Q

A patient is ordered 250 mg of a medication, and the bottle contains 125 mg per 5 mL. How many mL should the patient be given?

A

250÷125=2. So, the patient should take 5 × 2 = 10

44
Q

Round 9.64 to the nearest whole number.

A

The rounded number is 10.

44
Q

A pharmacy offers a 10% discount on a $25 prescription. How much will a senior save?

A

The discount is 10%×25=2.50 10%×25=2.50. The senior saves $2.50.

45
Q

Solve the complex fraction. (1/2) / (3/4)

A

Invert the second fraction and multiply. 1/2 x 4/3 = 4/6 = (2/3 as simplified)

46
Q

Simplify the ratio
6:9.

A

The simplified ratio is
2:3.

47
Q

Convert 0.4% to a decimal.

A

0.004.

48
Q

Convert 0.75 to a percent.

A

75%.

49
Q

If a prescription calls for 15 mL of water for a 20-mL vial, how many mL of water are needed for a 50-mL vial?

A

Set up a proportion: 15/20 = x/50, solve for x, x = 37.5 mL

50
Q

A patient is prescribed 16 oz of medication and is instructed to take 1/16 of the bottle each night. How many ounces should the patient take per night?

A

The patient should take 1 oz per night.

51
Q

What is a complex fraction?

A

A fraction where the numerator, denominator, or both are fractions themselves.

52
Q

Solve (1/2) / (3/4)

A

Invert the denominator and multiply. 1/2 x 4/3 = 4/6 = 2/3

53
Q

Simplify (5/8) / (2/3).

A

(5/8) x (3/2) = 15/16

54
Q

A patient needs 250 mg of medication. The medication comes in a concentration of 125 mg per 5 mL. How many mL are required?

A

(125 mg)/5 ml = 250 mg / x ml, solve for x: x=10 ml

55
Q

If a prescription costs $50, and a senior discount of 15% is applied, what is the total amount the senior will pay?

A

First, calculate the discount: 50 x 0.15 = 7.50. Then subtract the discount: 50 - 7.50 = 42.50. The senior will pay $42.50.

56
Q

A medication label reads 2 mg per 10 mL. How much medication is needed for a dose of 6 mg?

A

Set up a proportion: 2 mg/ 10 ml = 6 mg / x ml. solve for x:x = 30 ml

57
Q

What is 40% of 150 tablets?

A

40% x 150 = 60 tablets

58
Q

Convert 3/8 to a percent.

A

3/8 = 0.375, so multiply by 100: 37.5%

59
Q

A pharmacy tech can fill 6 prescriptions in 10 minutes. How many can they fill in 1 hour (60 minutes)?

A

Set up a proportion: 6 prescriptions / 10 minutes = x prescriptions / 60 minutes. Solve for x: x = 36 prescriptions in 1 hour

60
Q

Solve [ (7 1/2)/3 ] / [ (5 1/4)/2 ]

A

Convert to improper fractions: (15/2)/3 = 15/6 = 2.5, and (21/4)/2 = 21/8. Then, invert and multiply: 2.5 x 8/21 = 20/21

61
Q

A child is prescribed 50 mg of a liquid medication that has 25 mg per 5 mL. How many mL should the child take?

A

Set up a proportion: 25 mg / 5 ml = 50 mg / x ml, solve for x:x = 10 ml

62
Q

Express the ratio 3 mg per 100 mL and reduce it.

A

3mg / 100 ml simplifies to 3/100.

63
Q

75 is what percent of 300?

A

Set up a proportion: 75/300 = x/100, solve for x: x = 25%

64
Q

A prescription calls for 3/4 teaspoon of medicine every 8 hours. How much medicine will a patient take in one day?

A

Multiply 3/4 x 3 (since the patient takes it 3 times a day): 9/4 = 2 1/4 teaspoons.

65
Q

Round
5.6875 to the nearest hundredth.

A

5.69

66
Q

Estimate
18.3×7.85.

A

18 x 8 = 144

67
Q

Divide
84.56÷3.2.

A

845.6 / 32 = 26.425

68
Q

A prescription cost increases from $40 to $48. What is the percent increase?

A

Percent increase = (48-40) / 40 x 100 = 20%

69
Q

A bottle contains 500 mL, and the label states that 0.9% of the solution is sodium chloride. How many grams of sodium chloride are present?

A

Convert 0.9% to a decimal: 0.9% = 0.009 x 500 = 4.5 grams of sodium chloride.

70
Q

A prescription calls for 120 mL of liquid, but you only have a bottle labeled 40 mL. How many bottles are needed to fulfill the prescription?

A

Set up a proportion: 120/x = 40/1. x = 3 bottles

71
Q

A patient is prescribed 75 mg of medication. The pharmacy only has 25 mg tablets. How many tablets are required for the dose?

A

25 mg / 1 tablet = 75 mg / x tablets, solve for x = 3 tablets.

72
Q

Multiply 0.75 x 3/4

A

Convert 0.75 to 3/4, then multiply: 3/4 x 3/4 = 9/16 or 0.5625

73
Q

A medication order is for 365 mL, but you estimate the patient will only need 350 mL. What is the percent difference?

A

(365-350)/365 x 100 = 4.1%

4 - PA 1 - Calculations (15 decks)

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