Chapter 9 Flashcards
What is the primary objective of calculating oral liquid doses?
To interpret orders and calculate the volume of oral liquid medication necessary to administer ordered doses using ratio and proportion or dimensional analysis.
Define “Beyond Use Date” (BUD).
The date assigned by the pharmacy to a reconstituted or repackaged medication beyond which the preparation is no longer considered usable.
What is a “Diluent”?
An agent that dilutes a substance; in pharmacy, it is the liquid added to a powder to create a liquid form or to dilute another liquid.
Explain the term “Reconstitution.”
The process of adding fluid to a powdered or crystalline form of medication to make a specific liquid dosage strength.
What is the significance of the “Meniscus” in liquid measurement?
The curved line that develops on the upper surface of a liquid; it should be read at the bottom of the curve at eye level for accurate measurement.
Describe the difference between a “Solution” and a “Suspension.”
A solution is a dosage form where the medication is completely dissolved in the liquid, while a suspension contains small particles of medication dispersed throughout the liquid and usually requires shaking before use.
What is the formula for calculating the volume needed for a specific dose using Ratio and Proportion?
(Known Strength) / Volume = (Desired Dose) / x
How do you calculate the volume needed for a dose using Dimensional Analysis?
Use conversion factors to cancel units and find the desired volume. Example:
Volume
=
Desired Dose
×
(Volume of Stock /
Strength of Stock)
What is the importance of measuring devices in medication administration?
Accurate measuring devices (oral syringes, medication cups) ensure the correct volume is administered, reducing the risk of dosing errors.
What are the common household measurements for liquid medications?
1 teaspoon (tsp) = 5 mL, 1 tablespoon (Tbsp) = 15 mL, and 1 ounce (oz) = 30 mL.
What should be done if a calculated dose is not a measurable quantity?
Round the dose to the nearest measurable quantity, ensuring it remains within a safe margin (typically within 10% of the prescribed dose).
What is the process for reconstituting powdered medications?
Read the label for specific instructions on the volume and type of diluent to use, add the diluent in increments, and shake well after each addition.
Why is it important to follow reconstitution instructions exactly?
To ensure the medication is prepared to the correct strength and is safe for patient use.
What is the role of the pharmacist in medication dosing?
To verify medication orders, check for potential drug interactions, and ensure patient safety through accurate dispensing.
How should liquid medications be stored after reconstitution?
Typically, they should be refrigerated and used within a specified time frame (e.g., 7-14 days) as indicated on the label.
What are the potential consequences of medication errors?
Adverse drug reactions, ineffective treatment, increased healthcare costs, and potential harm to patients.
What is the significance of patient education regarding medication?
Educating patients about their medications helps ensure adherence, understanding of side effects, and proper usage.
What should be done if a medication order is unclear?
Seek clarification from the prescribing physician or pharmacist before proceeding with dispensing.
What is the importance of practice problems in learning medication calculations?
They reinforce understanding and application of dosing methods, helping to build confidence in calculations.
What is the recommended approach for measuring oral liquid medications?
Use calibrated devices rather than household utensils to ensure accuracy and minimize dosing errors.
What are oral liquid medications? What are the advantages of this form of medication?
Oral liquid medications include solutions, tinctures, elixirs, suspensions, and syrups. They are absorbed more quickly than solid medications as absorption begins in the mouth or stomach. They are particularly useful for patients who have difficulty swallowing pills, such as children and the elderly.
