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SMP > Module #3 > Flashcards

Module #3 Flashcards

1
Q

Where do trigger points most often form within a muscle?

A

At a motor point, center of the muscle

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2
Q

What is the definition of summation?

A

The amount of stimuli needed to reach threshold stimulus

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3
Q

What is the definition of threshold?

A

minimum amount of intensity a stimulus must reach to generate a nerve impulse

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4
Q

What division of the nervous system contains the brain, spinal cord, cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges?

A

Central Nervous System

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5
Q

What is the ratio for sodium and potassium? and how do they move?

A

3:2
3 sodium ions out for every 2 Potassium ions in

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6
Q

What does the somatic nervous system control?

A

Skeletal Muscles

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7
Q

The astrocytes form the

A

Blood Brain Barrier

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8
Q

What are the four functions of the nervous system?

A
  1. Motor Output
  2. Sensory Input
    3.Integration
  3. Emotional Reponsiveness
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9
Q

What joint actions does the infraspinatus perform?

A

Lateral Rotation and adduction of shoulder at the glenohumeral joint

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10
Q

which of the teres muscles is a synergist with Latissimus Dorsi?

A

Teres Major

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11
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves do we have?

A

12 Cranial Nerves

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12
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves do we have?

A

31 Spinal Nerves

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13
Q

Which of the rotator cuff muscles attaches to the less tubercle of the humerus?

A

Subscapularis

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14
Q

What are the five divisions of the spine?

A

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar, Sacral, and Coccygeal

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15
Q

What actions can the scapula perform?

A

Downwardly Rotates
Upwardly Rotates
Adduction
Abduction
Depress
Elevate

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16
Q

Elbow flexion is performed by what muscles?

A

Biceps Brachii and Brachioradialis

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17
Q

How many joints does the biceps brachii cross?

A

3- Glenohumeral, Humeroulnar, Proximal Radioulnar Joints

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18
Q

What head of the triceps brachii is most superficial?

A

Long Head

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19
Q

What four muscles makes up the rotator cuff group?

A

Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Subscapularis

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20
Q

What muscle is triangular in shape?

A

Deltoid

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21
Q

What is a focal area of hyperirritability that is locally sensitive to pressure and can refer symptoms (usually
pain) to other areas of the body.

A

A trigger point

22
Q

What are the two classifications of trigger points?

A

Active and Latent

23
Q

True or False: Active TrPs may produce local or referred pain even when they are not compressed.

A

True

24
Q

True or False: A latent TrP is essentially at a less severe stage than an active TrP.

A

True

25
Q

A TrP may refer pain into what is called the ______ zone in addition to the primary referral zone.

A

Spillover Referral zone

26
Q

What are the main divisions of the nervous system?

A

Central Nervous System and Peripheral nervous system

27
Q

What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

A

Somatic Nervous system and autonomic Nervous system

28
Q

What division of the PNS is voluntary?

A

Somatic Nervous System

29
Q

Which one is consciously controlled: Somatic Nervous system or Autonomic Nervous system?

A

Somatic Nervous system

30
Q

What are the two subdivisions of the Autonomic nervous system?

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

31
Q

Which system has a fight of flight response?

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

32
Q

What system is the “housekeeping” system” and most active under calm conditions?

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

33
Q

What two types are cells are in the Nervous System?

A
  1. Neuroglia (glial cells)
  2. Neurons (nerve cells)
34
Q

What are the Two types of Neuroglia located in the PNS?

A

Satellite cells & Schwann cells

35
Q

What direction do Axons transmit impulses?

A

Away from the body

36
Q

Where does a reflex process?

A

Spinal Cord

37
Q

Produced and maintained by active transport system called the

A

sodium-potassium pump

38
Q

Chemical messengers involved in nerve impulse transmission, which facilitate, stimulate, or inhibit

A

Neurotransmitters

39
Q

Meninges Layers from inner to outer

A

Pia Meter
Arachnoid
Dura Mater

40
Q

What is the nickname for the spinal cord?

A

The Information Highway

41
Q

What carries the sensory impulses to the brain and the motor impulses from the brain?

A

Spinal Cord

42
Q

Roughly how many neurons does the brain contain?

A

100 Billion

43
Q

What does the brain use for energy?

A

Glucose

44
Q

How much oxygen intake does the brain take?

A

20 percent

45
Q

Without oxygen, how long does it take cells to die?

A

1-2 Minutes

46
Q

What are the four major regions of the brain?

A

Cerebrum, Diencephalon, Cerebellum, Brainstem

47
Q

Which receptor Detects smells, tastes, and blood
chemistry changes?

A

Chemoreceptors

48
Q

Which receptor detects touch, pressure,
blood pressure, vibration,
stretching, contraction,
proprioception, sound,
and equilibrium?

A

Mechanoreceptors

49
Q

Meissner, Ruffini’s, and Pacinian corpuscles and Krause end bulbs, Merkel discs, and hair root
plexus are all kinds of what?

A

Touch and pressure Receptors

50
Q

Which receptors detect pain?

A

Nociceptors

51
Q

Which receptors detect tempterature?

A

Thermoreceptors

SMP (8 decks)

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