Module 3

Question 1

What are Carbohydrates?

Answer 1

Basic unit = sugar molecule contains carbon, hydrogen & oxygen.

Question 2

Two types of carbohydrates?

Answer 2

Simple & Complex

Question 3

What two molecules does simple carbohydrates contain?

Answer 3

• Monosaccharides (single sugars)

- Disaccharides (double sugars)

Question 4

What are the types of monosaccharides?

Answer 4

• Glucose (Blood sugar dextrose) primary energy
• Fructose (Fruit sugar) used as fuel by liver
• Galactose (milk sugar)

Question 5

What are the types of disaccharides ?

Answer 5

• Lactose (glucose + glucose “milk sugar”)
• Maltose (glucose + glucose “malt sugar”)
• Sucrose (glucose + fructose “table sugar”)

Question 6

What molecules does complex Carbohydrates contain and contribute?

Answer 6

• Polysaccharides

- vitamins, minerals, fiber, phytochemicals

Question 7

What are the types of Polysaccharides?

Answer 7

• Starch (glucose linked together)
• Glycogen (storage form of glucose in liver and tissue)
• Fiber / Cellulose

Question 8

Describe glucose regulation:

Answer 8

• Pancreas monitors blood glucose, and can adjust concentration thru 2 hormones: Insulin & Glucagon
• If too high: Pancreas releases insulin which stimulates glucose to be stored as glycogen.
• If too low: Pancreas release glucagon that helps glycogen stores release glucose

Question 9

What are some roles of carbohydrates in body?

Answer 9

• Energy source
• Glucose storage
• Raw material
• Structures and functions
• digestive tract health
• blood cholesterol
• blood glucose
• satiety & body weight.

Question 10

What are the recommendations for total carbohydrate intake?

Answer 10

• 45-65% of total calories
• WHO: 55-75%
• minimum 130g/day

Question 11

What are the two types of fiber?

Answer 11

• Soluble (Viscous) Human enzymes can not dissolve, but bacteria in colon can ferment.
• Insoluble (nonviscous) not disolve in water, and less ferment by bacteria in colon.

Question 12

What are health benefits of fiber?

Answer 12

• lower risk heart disease & diabetes
• colon and rectal cancer
• aiding weight management

Question 13

How many calories are in one gram carbohydrate?

Answer 13

• 4

Question 14

What is the GLycemic Index?

Answer 14

-a measure of impact foods have of raising blood glucose levels.
Food containing rapid digest carbs -> high GI
Food containing slow digest carbs -> low go