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2 - UNDERSTANDING THE SELF > MODULE 2A - WESTERN/EASTERN THOUGHT > Flashcards

MODULE 2A - WESTERN/EASTERN THOUGHT Flashcards

1
Q

The Western conceptualization of the self is defined in terms of:

A
  • Western Self as Analytic
  • Western Self as Monotheistic
  • Western Self as Individualistic
  • Western Self as Materialistic and Rationalistic
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2
Q

It is an analytic – deductive with emphasis on the causal links (part-to-whole relationships). They give importance to the relationship that exists among parts rather than the whole. The soul or self cannot exist by itself or apart from other parts.

A

WESTERN SELF AS ANALYTIC

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3
Q

In the Western view, the monotheistic self believes in one Supreme Being coexisting with the universe, condenses the supernatural and human into bipolarity of both qualities of existence. They believed that there is only one God who created the world without depending upon any other beings.

A

WESTERN SELF AS MONOTHEISTIC

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4
Q

Western individualism exhibits the coexistence of favorable and unfavorable conditions inherent in personal freedom. Hence, a Western Self as Individualistic is a person that promotes one’s desire and independence over a group. For instance, an individualistic person believed that his achievement results from his effort and skills and not because of anyone else.

A

WESTERN SELF AS INDIVIDUALISTIC

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5
Q

A person who focused on material things over immaterial things is described in Western Self as materialistic and rationalistic.

A

WESTERN SELF AS MATERIALISTIC AND RATIONALISTIC

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6
Q

Eastern concepts of the self are presented based on the four great systems of Eastern thought:

A
  • Hinduism
  • Buddhism
  • Confucianism
  • Taoism
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7
Q

an absolute reality.

A
  • Brahman
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8
Q

(soul or spirit) is the true knowledge of self.

A

Atman

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9
Q

characterizes human suffering as the result of failure to realize the distinction between the true self (permanent and unchanging) and the non-true self (impermanent and changes continually).

A

Vedanta

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10
Q

the most important doctrine of Hinduism. Individual actions will lead to either good or bad outcomes in one’s life.

A

Law of Karma

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11
Q
  • They deny all kinds of eternal beings or non-beings.
A

BUDDHISM

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12
Q
  • There are Four Noble Truths that express the orientation of Buddhism:
A
  1. Life ultimately leads to suffering.
  2. Suffering is caused by attachment to desires.
  3. Suffering can be eliminated.
  4. The elimination of suffering.
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13
Q

“Do not do to others what you would not want others do to you”.

A

CONFUCIANISM

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14
Q
  • A good relationship with other people is a virtue.
A

CONFUCIANISM

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15
Q

believe that simplicity, spontaneity, and harmony with nature should govern one’s life.

A

TAOISM

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16
Q
  • An individual should live in his heart, accept himself, fully understand himself, accept himself, live at peace, and follow his instincts.
A

TAOISM

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17
Q

people participating in _______ cultures believe that they are the center of thought, action, and they come to feel distinct from others.

A

individualistic

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18
Q

people participating in a ______ culture are more likely to attend interdependent aspects such as close relationships and group memberships.

A

collectivistic

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19
Q

The social construction of self can roughly be divided into three categories:

A

The Self in Historical and Cultural Context

The Self as Social Accomplishment

The Critical Reflection on the Psychological Self

20
Q

primarily concerned with establishing the self as a social construction.

A

The Self in Historical and Cultural Context

21
Q

focused on specific social processes in which the conception of self is embedded.

A

The Self as Social Accomplishment

22
Q

involves critical assessments of the cultural and political outcomes of traditional beliefs in the self.

A

The Critical Reflection on the Psychological Self

23
Q
  • Inquiry into the social achievement of the self has taken two major forms:
A
  1. The Structure of Language and The Demands By Linguistic Convention
  2. Conversational Practices
24
Q
  • Confucian thought’s central concept is the Five Virtues:
A
  1. Yi – the heart of righteousness
  2. Jen – the heart of compassion
  3. Li – the heart of proper order/propriety
  4. Chih – the heart of wisdom.
  5. ???
25
Q

symbolizes the best way of doing things.

A

Yi

26
Q

is goodwill, a willingness to do what is best for all concerned.

A

Jen

27
Q

is the principle of order. This is another rule for good human relationships.

A

Li

28
Q

is moral wisdom.

A

Chi

29
Q

In Confucius’ time, one should have an interpersonal relationship with other people, and to do so, one must always do right and fair things.

A

HEART OF RIGHTEOUSNESS – LEADS TO YI

30
Q
  • In Confucianism, having good social relations, one must act in relation to others as others act.
  • It is almost the same with the golden rule of “Do unto others as you would have them do unto to you”.
A

HEART OF COMPASSION – LEADS TO JEN

31
Q
  • It included good manners approved by the family. It consists of the elderly’s norms such as respect for elder brother and sister in the community and even to our lawmakers.
A

HEART OF PROPRIETY – LEADS TO LI

32
Q
  • People are born good, and they know the difference between right and good.
  • A righteous, fair and has a sense of order, and the meaning has a heart of wisdom.
A

HEART OF WISDOM – LEADS TO CHIH

33
Q

in the Confucian perception, is an achieved state of moral excellence rather than a given human condition.

A

Personality

34
Q

Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow

Top to Bottom

A

Self-actualization
Esteem
Love/belonging
Safety
Physiological

35
Q

CARL ROGERS – 3 METHODS HOW TO DEVELOP A POSITIVE-CONCEPT

A

Unconditional Positive Regard

Empathy

Genuineness

36
Q

Proponent of Post-Modern Psychology

A

KENNETH GERGEN

37
Q

Individual has many potential selves.

A

KENNETH GERGEN

38
Q

suggest that there
exists in the individual different aspects of
the self. It makes sense that the self is a
whole made up of parts.

A

Multiple Selves Theory

39
Q

A product of early experiences; a defensive
organization formed because of inadequate
parenting.

The self that is obedient to parents’ wishes
and demands.

A

False Self

40
Q

still connected to the
true self.

A

Healthy False Self

41
Q

makes one
continually adjust his behavior to fit in.

A

Unhealthy False Self

42
Q

SELF-DISCREPANCY

A

EDWARD HIGGINS

43
Q

Actual Self consists of?

A

Ideal Self
Ought Self

44
Q

the person we want to be

A

Ideal Self

45
Q

our understanding of what others want us to be – what we ought to be and do

A

Ought Self

2 - UNDERSTANDING THE SELF (7 decks)

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