Additional PPTs Flashcards
- Three Kinds of Soul (Different Terms) by Aristotle
Vegetative soul
Sentient soul
Rational soul
includes the physical body that can grow.
- Vegetative soul
includes the sensual desires, feelings, and emotions.
- Sentient soul
is what makes man human. It includes the intellect that makes man know, reason and understand/comprehend things
- Rational soul
Vegetative Soul
Plants
Reproduction/Growth
Sensitive Soul
Animals
Mobility/Sensation
Rational Soul
Humans
Thought/Reflection
- Man is composed of Matter and Form
ST. THOMAS AQUINAS
common stuff that makes up everything.
- Matter (Hyle)
essence of the living.
- Form (Morpe)
Hyperbolical Doubt
RENE DESCARTES
Bundle Theory (collection of impressions)
DAVID HUME
SIGMUND FREUD – Man is governed by 2 Drives:
Eros and Thanatos
- People routinely behave like actors on a stage. Everyday social life become theatrical. There are roles, scripts, and actions. Daily life as a series of stagecraft rules.
THE PERFORMED SELF: THE SELF IS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION
THE PERFORMED SELF: THE SELF IS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION
ERVING GOFFMAN
focuses on how individuals take on roles and act them out to present a favorable impression to their audience.
- Dramaturgy
- According to him, we play a range of different parts determined by the situations we take ourselves to be in and how we think we are coming across. We adapt what we are depending on who we are interacting with.
- Erving Goffman
CULTURAL INFLUENCES THAT SHAPE THE SELF
- Material Component
- Cognitive Component/Non-Material
- Normative Component
- Normative Component
Social Norms
Folkways
Cultural Change
Mores
accepted standards of behavior of social groups.
o Social Norms
general rules, customary and habitual ways, and patterns of expected behavior in society.
o Folkways
happens since no society is in a constant state. It continuously evolved from one period of time to another.
o Cultural Change
special folkways that are generally emphasized since they are deemed necessary for the welfare of the society.
o Mores
MECHANISM OF CULTURAL CHANGE
Cultural Lag
Cultural Borrowing
one must take into account both a social need and the cultural goal, every cultural goal is anchored on social need.
- Cultural Lag
situation where one society borrows the culture of another society and uses it as new part of the culture.
- Cultural Borrowing
- The scientific study of the mind and behavior.
PSYCHOLOGY
o psyche
– mind
o logo
– knowledge or study
behavior that is observable and measurable.
- Overt behavior
that is not directly observable and can only be inferred by the observer or reported by the subject.
- Covert behavior
- Phenomenal Self/Experiential Self
WILLIAM JAMES
– accept who you are as a person
- Self-acceptance
- 3 Methods How to Develop a Positive-Concept (Self)
o Unconditional Positive Regard
o Empathy
o Genuineness
Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow (Top to Bottom)
Self-actualization
Esteem
Love/belonging
Safety
Physiological
- Proponent of Post-Modern Psychology
KENNETH GERGEN
- Multiple and Unified Selves
KENNETH GERGEN
suggest that there exists in the individual different aspects of the self. It makes sense that the self is a whole made up of parts.
o Multiple Selves Theory
o A product of early experiences; a defensive organization formed because of inadequate parenting.
- False Self
TRUE VS. FALSE SELF
DR. DONALD WINNICOTT
still connected to the true self.
o Healthy False Self
makes one continually adjust his behavior to fit in.
o Unhealthy False Self
SELF-DISCREPANCY
EDWARD HIGGINS
the person we want to be.
Ideal Self
our understanding of what others want us to be – what we ought to be and do.
Ought Self
– what happens when our actual self doesn’t match the ideal or ought selves?
Actual Self
an individual’s belief in his or her capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments.
- Self-efficacy
