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2 - UNDERSTANDING THE SELF > MODULE 1A - PERSPECTIVES ON SELF > Flashcards

MODULE 1A - PERSPECTIVES ON SELF Flashcards

1
Q

the process of learning, understanding, or knowing more about yourself and who you are, becoming aware of one’s true potential, character, motives, and the like.

A
  • Self-discovery
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2
Q

your knowledge of yourself and your worth as a person. It is a result of doing self-discovery.

A
  • Self-awareness
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3
Q

This means love of wisdom

A

Philosophy

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4
Q

Philosophy came from these two Greek words.

A

Philo and Sophia

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5
Q

Philo means?

A

beloved

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6
Q

Sophia means?

A

wisdom

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7
Q

A way of thinking about anything in the world, the universe.

A

Philosophy

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8
Q

He believes that the soul is immortal.

A

Socrates

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9
Q

Socrates is known for this quote about life.

A

The unexamined life is not worth living.

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10
Q

He is the Father of Western Philosophy

A

Socrates

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11
Q

Socrates was believed to be the first _____ to focus on the full power of reason on the human self.

A

thinker

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12
Q

According to Socrates, self exists in two parts which are?

A

Physical Body and Soul

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13
Q

This is the tangible aspect of us. It is mortal (it dies), constantly changing, imperfect, transforming, disappearing.

A

Physical Body

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14
Q

Socrates believed that this part of our self is immortal, eternal, unchanging, perfect, or ideal.

A

Soul

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15
Q

Socrates believed that there was a soul first before a man’s body. True or False?

A

True

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16
Q

The process which knowledge can be restored.

A

Dialectic/Socratic Method

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17
Q

Dialectic/Socratic Method is an ______ of question and answer that ultimately aims to make a person remember all the knowledge that he has forgotten, including his former all-knowing self.

A

exchange

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18
Q

He said, “The first and the best victory is to conquer self.”

A

Plato

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19
Q

Aside from Socrates, these two philosophers also believed that the soul is immortal.

A

Plato and St. Augustine

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20
Q

A philosopher is called _____ if he believes that self exists in two parts.

A

Dualist

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21
Q

According to Plato, the soul/mind is divided into three parts which are?

A

Reason
Physical Appetite
Will or Spirit

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22
Q

our divine essence that enables us to think deeply, make wise choices, and achieve a true understanding of eternal truths.

A

Reason

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23
Q

our basic biological needs such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire.

A

Physical Appetite

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24
Q

our basic emotion or passion, such as empathy, aggressiveness, love, anger, ambition.

A

Will or Spirit

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25
Q

He believes, “Accepting God is the path to know thyself.”

A

St. Augustine

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26
Q

Augustine’s sense of self is his relation to God, both in his recognition of God’s love, and his response to it. It is achieved through ______ and _______

A

self-presentation
self-realization

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27
Q

Augustine believes that God is transcendent, and everything created by God, who is all good, is good. True or False?

A

True

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28
Q

This person said, “Cogito ergo sum.”

A

Rene Descartes

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29
Q

Cogito ergo sum means?

A

I think; therefore I am

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30
Q

He is the Founder of Modern Philosophy

A

Rene Descartes

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31
Q

For Descartes, this is the essence of self— you are a “______ thing”

A

thinking

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32
Q

Descartes believes that our _______ is secondary to our personal identity.

A

physical body

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33
Q

Descartes declares that the _______, or the self as a thinking entity, is radically different from the self as a physical body.

A

essential self

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34
Q

The ______ is a non-material, immortal, conscious being, independent of the physical laws of the universe.

A

thinking self (or soul)

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35
Q

The ______ is a mortal, non-thinking material that is fully governed by the physical laws of nature.

A

physical body

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36
Q

He is the philosopher who theorized the Tabula Rasa.

A

John Locke

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37
Q

John Locke believes that the self is _____

A

consciousness

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38
Q

Tabula Rasa Theory means?

A

Mind is a blank slate

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39
Q

John Locke believes we are born without ______.

A

thoughts

40
Q

Based from John Locke’s beliefs, our ______ plays a key role in our definition of the self.

A

memory

41
Q

John Locke theorized that we are the _____ person as we were in the past for as long as we can remember memories from that past.

A

same

42
Q

It is our _____ that makes possible our belief that we are the same identity at different times and different places.

A

consciousness

43
Q

He believed that the source of all genuine knowledge is our direct sense experience.

A

David Hume

44
Q

David Hume believes in the existence of the mind, and what’s inside the mind is divided into two:

A

Impressions
Ideas

45
Q

are those things we perceive through our senses as we experience them.

A

Impressions

46
Q

are those things that we create in our minds even though we are no longer experiencing them.

A

Ideas

47
Q

For Hume, the self keeps on _____, like how one looks, one feels, one thinks they constantly change.

A

changing

48
Q

For David Hume, there is no permanent and unchanging self. True or False?

A

True

49
Q

For Hume, there is no _____

A

self

50
Q

He believes that we construct the self.

A

Immanuel Kant

51
Q

For Kant, man is a ______, capable of making a decision for himself.

A

free agent

52
Q

Man is a free agent – for he is gifted with ____ and _____ to enable him to organize the data gathered by the senses.

A

reason
free will

53
Q

For Kant, the self is very present. True or False?

A

True

54
Q

According to this person, there are two selves: one conscious and once unconscious.

A

Sigmund Freud

55
Q

Sigmund Freud is a philosopher. True or False?

A

False

(Sigmund Freud is not a philosopher, but his views on the nature of the self have had a far-reaching impact on philosophical thinking.)

56
Q

Sigmund Freud founded this theory.

A

Psychoanalysis

57
Q

Freud believes that there are two levels of human functioning:

A

the consciousness
the unconsciousness

58
Q

the conscious refers to all mental processes of which we are aware; the unconscious refers to mental processes that are not easily accessible to our awareness.

A

Psychoanalytic Theory

59
Q

Freud believes that even if the conscious self plays an important role in our lives, it is the unconscious self that has the dominant influence on our personalities. True or False?

A

True

60
Q

The unconscious contains _______ that include aggressiveness, sexuality, and self-destruction; traumatic memories; childhood fantasies and unfulfilled wishes; thoughts and feelings that would be considered socially taboo.

A

basic instinctual drives

61
Q

This ____ level is characterized by the most primitive level of human motivation and functioning.

A

unconscious

62
Q

Our most basic instinctual drives in the unconscious level seek immediate gratification or discharge. The impulses at this level are governed solely by the ______ Principle.

A

Pleasure

63
Q

The conscious self is governed by the _____ Principle.

A

Reality

64
Q

The _____ self takes the task of controlling the constant pressures of the unconscious self that is constantly seeking for immediate discharge and gratification.

A

conscious

65
Q

The structural model of the mind:

A

Id
Ego
Superego

66
Q

_____ represents man’s biological nature, impulses, and bodily desires.

A

Id

67
Q

______ represents the ethical component of the personality and provides the moral standards by which the ego operates.

A

Superego

68
Q

This is the one that balances Id and Superego.

A

Ego

69
Q

If the Ego behaves, then the ______ won.

A

superego

70
Q

If the Ego misbehaves, the _____ won.

A

Id

71
Q

The winner of this inner battle between Id and Superego is manifested in the _____, which is the self.

A

Ego

72
Q

This battle (Id vs. Superego) is all taking place in the ____.

A

unconscious

73
Q

The realm of the ego is found in the _____.

A

conscious

74
Q

He simply focused on observable behavior in defining the self.

A

Gilbert Ryle

75
Q

(Gilbert Ryle) The self is best understood as a ______, a person’s tendency or disposition to behave in a certain way in certain circumstances.

A

pattern of behavior

76
Q

He disagrees with the concept of dualism.

A

Paul Churchland

77
Q

Paul Churchland believes that the self is the _____

A

brain

78
Q

Churchland asserts that since the mind cannot be experienced by the ______, it does not exist.

A

senses

79
Q

_____ is into the fore of understanding the self.

A

Neuroscience

80
Q

His ideas suggest that there is unity in our mental, physical, and emotional disposition, and they all affect how we experience our selves.

A

Maurice Merleau-Ponty

81
Q

Maurice Merleau-Ponty believes that the self is _______

A

embodied subjectivity

82
Q

According to Maurice Merleau-Ponty, our self is a product of our _______ experience.

A

conscious human

83
Q

Maurice Merleau-Ponty, entirely rejected the idea of mind and body dichotomy because, for him, man is all about how he sees himself. True or False?

A

True

84
Q

Enumerate Famous Individuals and their perspectives about the self.

A

Socrates - The Soul is Immortal

Plato - The Soul is Immortal

St. Augustine - The Soul is Immortal (Man is created in the image and likeness of God)

Rene Descartes - Man is a Thinking Thing

John Locke - Self is Consciousness

David Hume - There is No Permanent Self

Immanuel Kant - We Construct Our Self

Sigmund Freud - Man Has Two Levels of Human Functioning (Consciousness and Unconsciousness)

Gilbert Ryle - The Self is How You Behave

Paul Churchland - The Self is the Brain

Maurice Merleau-Ponty - The Self is Embodied Subjectivity

85
Q

The three other terms for Aristotle’s 3 Kinds of Soul:

A

Vegetative Soul
Sentient Soul
Rational Soul

86
Q

The physical body that can grow.

A

Vegetative Soul

Plants
Reproduction/Growth

87
Q

It includes sensual desires, feelings, and emotions.

A

Sensitive Soul

Animals
Mobility/Sensation

88
Q

This is what makes man human.

A

Rational Soul

Humans
Thought/Reflection

89
Q

Man is composed of Matter and Form

A

St. Thomas Aquinas

90
Q

common stuff that makes up everything

A

Matter (Hyle)

91
Q

essence of living

A

Form (Morpe)

92
Q

Hyperbolical Doubt

A

Rene Descartes

93
Q

Bundle Theory

A

David Hume

94
Q

collection of impressions

A

Bundle Theory

95
Q

(Freud)

Man is governed by 2 Drives:

A

Eros and Thanatos

2 - UNDERSTANDING THE SELF (7 decks)

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