Module 24

Question 1

engrams

Answer 1

physical traces of memory storage

Question 2

physical location of memory

Answer 2

frontal lobes: declarative (reasoning, intelligence)
temporal lobes: memory and language working together
memory consolidation: explicit and episodic
hippocampus (can affect certain memories)
amygdala: emotions (memories tied to people/emotions from memories)
cerebellum: procedural memory and implicit (other part of memory consolidation- implicit, automatic tasks)

Question 3

Long term memory and consolidation

Answer 3

once encoded, info is relatively long lasting
sleep assists in consolidation (helps keep info inside of brain)
hippocampus: acts as a switch between working and long term memory (switch occurs during sleep)
recent memories are easily disrupted than older memories

Question 4

memory consolidation

Answer 4

the neural storage of a long-term memory

Question 5

hippocampus

Answer 5

a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit (conscious) memories- of facts and events- for storage

Question 6

long term potentiation

Answer 6

potential chance of synaptic firing (receptor sites are larger- increases chance of detecting neurotransmitters)
repeating info more, more nerve cells firing, more ability to know/recall info
nerve cell firing is helpful in recognition

Question 7

Encoding strategies

Answer 7

maintenance rehearsal, visual imagery, chunking, semantic, elaborative rehearsal, distributed vs. massed practice, overlearn

Question 8

maintenance rehearsal

Answer 8

short term
repeating same info over and over again
shallow/surface processing– just recognition, not understanding meaning

Question 9

visual imagery

Answer 9

encoded mental practice
helping recognition using eyes and ears (more than 1 sense)
match info with image

Question 10

chunking

Answer 10

organize info into comprehensible units
has to make sense to YOU/meaning to you
units within 7 +/- 2

Question 11

semantic

Answer 11

word meaning
parasympathic nervous system
don’t just memorize a definition, but know meaning and a deeper understanding

Question 12

elaborative rehearsal

Answer 12

link new info to existing memories and knowledge
repeating and building understanding with different methods
making connections with other areas of life
deep processing: actively thinking about info

Question 13

distributed vs. massed practice

Answer 13

distributed: little info at a time, spaced practice
massed: “cramming”

Question 14

overlearn

Answer 14

continue beyond mastery

Question 15

organization and retrieval

Answer 15

includes network model, retrieval cues, priming, context-dependent, state-dependent, serial position effect

Question 16

network model

Answer 16

explains the structure of long-term memories
mental process, making connections, web of associations/connections

Question 17

priming

Answer 17

activate certain associations
the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory

Question 18

retrieval cues

Answer 18

stimulus that helps us access info in long term memory
triggers network connections/web we created

Question 19

context-dependent

Answer 19

recall info in the same situation when info. was encoded
ex: for a witness of a crime- bring them back mentally to what they saw during questioning

Question 20

state-dependent (mood dependent)

Answer 20

recall info in the same state of mind when info was encoded

Question 21

serial position effect

Answer 21

primacy (beginning info) and recency (info at the end) effect
applies to long list of info you have to remember in a particular order
or remembering the first and last pieces of info
info in the middle is harder to remember b/c it disappears (according to A+S 3 stages)

Question 22

Loftus and (re)constructive memory

Answer 22

we actively reconstruct our memories
replace old memory with new
work with eyewitnesses and why they aren’t always accurate- how memory is flawed

Question 23

false memory

Answer 23

never experienced memory, but over time believe it actually happened (because it was told to you over and over)

Question 24

reconstructive memory

Answer 24

fill in gaps, putting yourself back when memory took place
narrowing down what’s possible/impossible to help recall

Question 25

Elizabeth Loftus

Answer 25

American psychologist, known for work in false memory, examining flaws of memory relating to eyewitnesses testifying, causing wrong convictions
how does memory fail us?
Loftus and reconstructive theory

Question 26

memory processes in the brain