Module 24 Flashcards
engrams
physical traces of memory storage
physical location of memory
frontal lobes: declarative (reasoning, intelligence)
temporal lobes: memory and language working together
memory consolidation: explicit and episodic
hippocampus (can affect certain memories)
amygdala: emotions (memories tied to people/emotions from memories)
cerebellum: procedural memory and implicit (other part of memory consolidation- implicit, automatic tasks)
Long term memory and consolidation
once encoded, info is relatively long lasting
sleep assists in consolidation (helps keep info inside of brain)
hippocampus: acts as a switch between working and long term memory (switch occurs during sleep)
recent memories are easily disrupted than older memories
memory consolidation
the neural storage of a long-term memory
hippocampus
a neural center located in the limbic system; helps process explicit (conscious) memories- of facts and events- for storage
long term potentiation
potential chance of synaptic firing (receptor sites are larger- increases chance of detecting neurotransmitters)
repeating info more, more nerve cells firing, more ability to know/recall info
nerve cell firing is helpful in recognition
Encoding strategies
maintenance rehearsal, visual imagery, chunking, semantic, elaborative rehearsal, distributed vs. massed practice, overlearn
maintenance rehearsal
short term
repeating same info over and over again
shallow/surface processing– just recognition, not understanding meaning
visual imagery
encoded mental practice
helping recognition using eyes and ears (more than 1 sense)
match info with image
chunking
organize info into comprehensible units
has to make sense to YOU/meaning to you
units within 7 +/- 2
semantic
word meaning
parasympathic nervous system
don’t just memorize a definition, but know meaning and a deeper understanding
elaborative rehearsal
link new info to existing memories and knowledge
repeating and building understanding with different methods
making connections with other areas of life
deep processing: actively thinking about info
distributed vs. massed practice
distributed: little info at a time, spaced practice
massed: “cramming”
overlearn
continue beyond mastery
organization and retrieval
includes network model, retrieval cues, priming, context-dependent, state-dependent, serial position effect
network model
explains the structure of long-term memories
mental process, making connections, web of associations/connections
priming
activate certain associations
the activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory
retrieval cues
stimulus that helps us access info in long term memory
triggers network connections/web we created
context-dependent
recall info in the same situation when info. was encoded
ex: for a witness of a crime- bring them back mentally to what they saw during questioning
state-dependent (mood dependent)
recall info in the same state of mind when info was encoded
serial position effect
primacy (beginning info) and recency (info at the end) effect
applies to long list of info you have to remember in a particular order
or remembering the first and last pieces of info
info in the middle is harder to remember b/c it disappears (according to A+S 3 stages)
Loftus and (re)constructive memory
we actively reconstruct our memories
replace old memory with new
work with eyewitnesses and why they aren’t always accurate- how memory is flawed
false memory
never experienced memory, but over time believe it actually happened (because it was told to you over and over)
reconstructive memory
fill in gaps, putting yourself back when memory took place
narrowing down what’s possible/impossible to help recall
Elizabeth Loftus
American psychologist, known for work in false memory, examining flaws of memory relating to eyewitnesses testifying, causing wrong convictions
how does memory fail us?
Loftus and reconstructive theory
memory processes in the brain
