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Biology > Module 2.3 Nucleotides +nucleic Acids > Flashcards

Module 2.3 Nucleotides +nucleic Acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the monomers of nuclei acids

A

Nucleotides

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2
Q

What bond joins the two nucleotides

A

Phospodiester bond

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3
Q

What are similarities between DNA and RNA

A

Both contain
A, G,C
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base

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4
Q

What bases are found in the RNA

A

Adenine
URACIL
Guanine
Cytosine

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5
Q

What are two types of bases ?

A

Purines
Pyrimidines

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6
Q

State difference between purines and pyrimidines

A

Purines are large with 2 carbon ring
Pyrimidines : are small with one carbon ring

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7
Q

Give examples of purines

A

Adenine
Guanine

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8
Q

How many hydrogen bonds are found between T and A

A

2

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9
Q

Why do we crush the piece of fruit in DNA extraction using mortar and pestle

A

Help to break cellullose cell wall in plants

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10
Q

Why is detergent added to sample

A

Dissolve the surface membrane

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11
Q

Why is protease enzyme added to sample ?

A

Breaks down the histone proteins associated with DNA

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12
Q

Why is salt added to the sample

A

To help the DNA clump together
And break the hydrogen bond
Between DNA and water molecules

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13
Q

Why is ethanol added

A

DNA insoluble in the alcohol
Precipate forms

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14
Q

Why is the stage one of DNa replication

A

Unwinding and unzipping
DNA helicase causes the DNA double helix to unwind and the strands to unzip
- breaking of hydrogen bond between the nitrogenous bases
exposes both strands
both of the STANDS ACTS AS TEMPLATES

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15
Q

OUTLINE STAGES two of DNA replication ?

A
  • FREE DNA nucleotides align with the exposed bases using hydrogen bonds
  • following the complementary base pairing
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16
Q

what happens in the stage 3 of DNA replication

A

new nucleotides are joined together by DNA POLYMERASE .
Phosphodiester bonds forms producing sugar phosphate backbone of the new strand of dna

17
Q

what is the term given to the strands that are arranged in opposite directions ?

A

anti parallel

18
Q

which enzyme joins the okazaki fragments ?

A

DNA LIGASE

19
Q

Define a gene

A

A section of DNA that contains sequnce of bases to code for an entire protein

20
Q

how many codons code for a amino acid

A

3

21
Q

what are the 3 features of genetic code ?

A

Universal
Non overlapping
Degenerative

22
Q
A

Biology (10 decks)

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