classification and evolution

Question 1

what is taxonomy

Answer 1

the study of differences between species (the principles of classification )

Question 2

define classification

Answer 2

the process in which living organisms are sorted into groups organisms within a group share similar features .

Question 3

define species ?

Answer 3

A group of organisms whose members are similar to each other in Morphology , physiology , biochemistry ,behaviour and can INTERBREED to produce fertile offsipring

Question 4

what is palaeontology

Answer 4

the study of fossils and fossil records
e.g bacteria and algae found in oldest rocks .

Question 5

how are fossils formed ?

Answer 5

remians preserved in the rocks

Question 6

what is comparative anatomy ?

Answer 6

study of similirarities and differences between organisms anatomy
- shows common ancestory

Question 7

what is homologous strucures ?

Answer 7

similiar structure but different functions

Question 8

what is analous structure?

Answer 8

different structure but similar functions

Question 9

what is comparative biochemistry ?

Answer 9

study of the similarities and differences between the chemical makeup of organism

Question 10

give examples of molecules conserved in comparative bicochemistry ?

Answer 10

cytochrome c (protein)
RNA

Question 11

What do scientist look for in sequences of amino acids

Answer 11

• differences in sequences of amino acids /base
  compare

Question 12

what is comparative embryology ?

Answer 12

study of embryos -unborn /unhatched animals
- embryos look similar -difficult to distinguish
- developed - differences are seen
e.g newly evolved organs develop

Question 13

what are the five kingdom system ?

Answer 13

prokaryoate
protoctista
fungi
plantae
animalia

Question 14

what are prokaryotae structure ?

Answer 14

unicellular
no memebrane bound organelles
no nucleus
70s ribosomes
naked dna

Question 15

what are eukaryoates structure ?

Answer 15

nucleus
membrane bound organelles
-chloroplast
autotrophic /heterotrophic

Question 16

what are features of fungi

Answer 16

unicellular or multicellular
-nucleus ,membrane bound organelle
-no chloroplats
hyphae
saprophytic
. yeast , mushrooms
cell wall made of CHITIN

Question 17

plantae

Answer 17

multicellular
-nucleus
membrane bound organelle
-cellulose cell wall
- gametes can move with cilia or flagella
-nutrients acquired through autrophic
store food as starch
- e.g grasses

Question 18

what are features of animalia?

Answer 18

multicellular
-nucleus
-membrane bound organelles
- no cell , chloroplasts
- hetereotrophic
- store food as glycogen
-

Question 19

Define phylogeny ?

Answer 19

-The evolutionary realtionship between organisms

Question 20

define phylogenetics ?

Answer 20

study of evolutionary history of a group of organisms - and how closely related the organism are .evidence such as DNA , proteins . fossils fromed

Question 21

what is variation ?

Answer 21

the differences in characterstics between organisms

Question 22

give two types of variation ?

Answer 22

interspecific variation
intraspecific variation

Question 23

what is interspecific variation ?

Answer 23

variation between members of different species.e.g how they reproduce

Question 24

what is intraspecific variation ?

Answer 24

differences between organism of the same species e.g . age , height , weight

Question 25

what are the causes of variation ?

Answer 25

genetic
environmental

Question 26

what are genetic variation caused by ?

Answer 26

Alleles
- muatation
- meiosis
- sexual reproduction
- chance - random fertilisation

Question 27

what are examples of variation caused by genetics ?

Answer 27

-blood group
- antibodies

Question 28

what are variation caused by combination of genetic and environments ?

Answer 28

Height
weight
-skin colour

Question 29

what are examples of variation caused by environments

Answer 29

, tattos
scars

Question 30

what is discontinuous variation ?

Answer 30

characterstics which results in certain values ,
discrete
- don’t overlap
- genetictally determined factors e.g shape of bacteria , blood group , sex -femal /male
bar charts

Question 31

what is continous variation ?

Answer 31

characteristics that can take any values within range
- forms continuum from extreme to other
-controlled by many genes
-influenced by environment
- e.g ,height , mass
-histograms