Module 2.1 Cell Structure Flashcards
what is the function of cell surface membrane ?
controls what enters and leaves the cell
. site of cell communication via receptors
.
What is the role of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Transport of fats and lipids e.g steroid hormones
What’s the role of lysosomes
Contains hydrolytic enzymes
Break down organelles / cells,food and pathogens
What’s the role of ribosomes
Protein synthesis
Name two features of plant cells that are not features of animals cells
Cellulose cell wall
Chloroplast
Plasmodesmata
largepermanent vacoule
outline functions of vesicles ?
storage and transport of material around the and out of the cells
1. transport vesicles - contains molecules for trnasport around the cell
2. secretory vesicles containing molecules to the cell surface membrane to to be releases from the cell
Describe the advantages of staining
Staining increases contrast
Makes visible to see more detail
Identify cell type or organelles
what’s the role of Golgi apparatus ?
modifies proteins package and transport molecules around the cell
what is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
eukaryotic
. membrane bound organelles
. 80s ribosomes
Linear DNA packaged into chromosomes
prokaryotic :
-no membrane bound organelles
-70s ribosomes
cell wall made of peptidoglycan .
- circular DNA Freely floating in cytoplasm
.
what are 3 types of microscopes ?
- light microsope
- scanning elelctron
- transmission
what is the magnifaction /resolution of light microscope ?
x1,500
200nm
produces 2D
what is the magnifaction/resolution for scanning electron microscope ?
x200,000
20nm
Produces 3D IMAGE
what is the magnification and resolution of transmission electron microscope ?
x 2,000,000
0.1nm
Produces 2D image
define resolution ?
the ability to distinguish between two separate entities in great detail .
what is the equation for magnifaction
magnification =size of image /actual object
outline importance of the cytoskeleton ?
MicrofilAments -contractile fibre made of actin protein
cell movement and contraction of the cell
Microtubules - globular tubular whcih forms scaffolding determines the shape of the cell
- forms a spindle fibres separate chromosomes
- intermediate filaments - mechanical strenghts
-
state functions of the lysosomes ?
degrade waste materials including worn out organelles and pathogens
what are the organelles involved in protein synthesis ?
Ribosomes
RER
Golgi Apparatus
The cytoskeleton
Vesicles
outline the process of protein synthesis
A Copy of genetic material -mRNA is produced in the nucleus and leaves through nuclear pores
-mRNA moves through the cytoplasm and attaches to the ribosomes and the protein polypeptide chain is made
-the protein pass into the Cisternae of RER and folds within
the folded protein are packaged into transport vesicles
- the protein in the transport vesicles move toward the Golgi Apparatus
using cytoskeleton
- the vesicles fuse with the cis of the Golgi Apparatus
and proteins enter cisternae of the Golgi stacks and become modified
- protein leave Golgi Apparatus in secretory vesicles at the trans face of the Golgi
- vesicles move along the cytoskeleton to the cell surface membrane -fuse and proteins are released .
-some vesicles become hydrolytic enzyme stay in the cell to become lysosomes .
compare the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells ?
eukaryotic
80s ribosomes
membrane bound organelle e.g nucleus
- linear DNA Associated with histone proteins
- complex
cell wall made of cellulose
can be multicellualr or unicellular
prokaryotic
70s ribosomes
-no membrane bound organelle
genetic material contained in nucleotid
reproduce by binary fission
-
how does flagella in prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells ?
prokaryotic flagella is thinner
- doesn’t have the 9+2 arrangement
- the energy to rotate is not supplied by ATP
SUPPLIED BY PROCESS CALLED chemiosmosis.
what is the function of chloroplast ?
site of protein synthesis
- enzymes are embedded in thylakoid membranes
state the functions of vacoule ?
Tonoplast membrane - regulates the mov of molecules in and out of the vacoule
- store molecules within the cell
- works to maintain turgor pressure which keeps the plant cells swollen and rigid
what is the process of separating organelles known as ?
fractionation
what is the order of cell fractionation ?
from heaviest to lightest
- nuclei
- chloroplast
-mitochondria
-lysosomes
-endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
